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CNOT gates are fundamental to quantum computing, as they facilitate entanglement, a crucial resource for quantum algorithms. Certain classes of quantum circuits are constructed exclusively from CNOT gates. Given their widespread use, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Riccardo Romanello , Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Jacopo Cossio , Dusan Sutulovic , Giuseppe Serra , Carla Piazza , Paolo Burelli

Existing quantum systems provide very limited physical qubit counts, trying to execute a quantum algorithm/circuit on them that have a higher number of logical qubits than physically available lead to a compile-time error. Given that it is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Movahhed Sadeghi , Soheil Khadirsharbiyani , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

Existing quantum compilers optimize quantum circuits by applying circuit transformations designed by experts. This approach requires significant manual effort to design and implement circuit transformations for different quantum devices,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Mingkuan Xu , Zikun Li , Oded Padon , Sina Lin , Jessica Pointing , Auguste Hirth , Henry Ma , Jens Palsberg , Alex Aiken , Umut A. Acar , Zhihao Jia

In this paper, we study the close relationship between Reed-Muller codes and single-qubit phase gates from the perspective of $T$-count optimization. We prove that minimizing the number of $T$ gates in an $n$-qubit quantum circuit over CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Michele Mosca

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

Previous work has provided methods for decomposing unitary matrices to series of quantum multiplexers, but the multiplexers created in this way are highly non-minimal. This paper presents a new approach for optimizing quantum multiplexers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-19 Kevin Jin , Tahsin Saffat , Marek Perkowski

While the question ``how many CNOT gates are needed to simulate an arbitrary two-qubit operator'' has been conclusively answered -- three are necessary and sufficient -- previous work on this topic assumes that one wants to simulate a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vivek V. Shende , Igor L. Markov

Recently, reversible circuit synthesis has been intensively studied. One of the problems that has not been solved for a long time was exact minimization of gate count (GC) in 4-bit circuits. Finally, last year a tool of practical usage for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-24 Marek Szyprowski , Pawel Kerntopf

The synthesis approaches for quantum circuits typically aim at minimizing the number of lines or gates. Given the tight restrictions on those logical resources in physical implementations, we propose to view the problem fundamentally…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Niels Gleinig , Tobias Rohner , Torsten Hoefler

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

We report optimal and asymptotically optimal reversible circuits composed of NOT, CNOT, and Toffoli (NCT) gates, keeping the count by the subsets of the gate types used. This study fine tunes the circuit complexity figures for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-25 Dmitri Maslov

This work shows that minimizing the depth of a quantum circuit composed of commuting operations reduces to a vertex coloring problem on an appropriately constructed graph, where gates correspond to vertices and edges encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Hochang Lee , Kyung Chul Jeong , Panjin Kim

Quantum computing is currently strongly limited by the impact of noise, in particular introduced by the application of two-qubit gates. For this reason, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is of paramount importance on noisy…

We demonstrate a technique for optimizing quantum circuits that is analogous to classical windowing. Specifically, we show that small table lookups can allow control qubits to be iterated in groups instead of individually. We present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-21 Craig Gidney

Quantum computations are expressed in general as quantum circuits, which are specified by ordered lists of quantum gates. The resulting specifications are used during the optimisation and execution of the expressed computations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

Quantum computing carries significant potential for addressing practical problems. However, currently available quantum devices suffer from noisy quantum gates, which degrade the fidelity of executed quantum circuits. Therefore, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Ji Liu , Alvin Gonzales , Benchen Huang , Zain Hamid Saleem , Paul Hovland

We provide evidence that commonly held intuitions when designing quantum circuits can be misleading. In particular we show that: a) reducing the T-count can increase the total depth; b) it may be beneficial to trade CNOTs for measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-14 Alexandru Paler , Oumarou Oumarou , Robert Basmadjian

High-efficiency quantum information processing is equivalent to the fewest quantum resources and the simplest operations by means of logic qubit gates. Based on the reflection geometry of a single photon interacting with a three-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-20 Yi-Ming Wu , Gang Fan , Fang-Fang Du

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivity, and coherence times, a quantum circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We…

A Toffoli gate ($C^{n}$-NOT gate) is regarded as an important unitary gate in quantum computation, and is simulated by a quantum circuit composed of $C^{2}$-NOT gates. This paper presents a quantum circuit with a new configuration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masanari Asano , Chikara Ishii