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While quantum state tomography (QST) remains the gold standard for benchmarking and verifying quantum devices, it requires an exponentially large number of measurements and classical computational resources for generic quantum many-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Zhen Qin , Casey Jameson , Alireza Goldar , Michael B. Wakin , Zhexuan Gong , Zhihui Zhu

We present an error analysis of various tomographic protocols based on the linear inversion for the reconstruction of an unknown two-qubit state. We solve the problem of finding a tomographic protocol which is the most robust against errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-23 Adam Miranowicz , Karol Bartkiewicz , Jan Perina , Masato Koashi , Nobuyuki Imoto , Franco Nori

One drawback of conventional quantum state tomography is that it does not readily provide access to single density matrix elements, since it requires a global reconstruction. Here we experimentally demonstrate a scheme that can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-13 G. S. Thekkadath , L. Giner , Y. Chalich , M. J. Horton , J. Banker , J. S. Lundeen

There is a growing interest in reconstructing the density matrix of photoelectron wavepackets, in particular in complex systems where decoherence can be introduced either by a partial measurement of the system or through coupling with a…

Quantum state tomography and other measures of the global properties of a quantum state are indispensable tools in understanding many body physics through quantum simulators. Unfortunately, the number of experimental measurements of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Yariv Yanay , Charles Tahan

Quantum state tomography (QST) is an essential technique for characterizing quantum states. However, practical implementations of QST are significantly challenged by factors such as shot noise, attenuation, and Raman scattering, especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Artur Czerwinski

Current quantum computers have the potential to overcome classical computational methods, however, the capability of the algorithms that can be executed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is limited due to hardware imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Cristian A. Galvis-Florez , Daniel Reitzner , Simo Särkkä

A long-standing problem in quantum physics is to determine the minimal number of measurement bases required for the complete characterization of unknown quantum states, a question of particular relevance to high-dimensional quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Tianqi Xiao , Yaxin Wang , Ying Xia , Zhihao Li , Xiaoqi Zhou

Quantum state tomography is the standard tool in current experiments for verifying that a state prepared in the lab is close to an ideal target state, but up to now there were no rigorous methods for evaluating the precision of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Takanori Sugiyama , Peter S. Turner , Mio Murao

Quantum information protocols often rely on tomographic techniques to determine the state of the system. A popular method of encoding information is on the different paths a photon may take, for example, parallel waveguides in integrated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-11 Davor Curic , Lambert Giner , Jeff S. Lundeen

Adaptive measurements were recently shown to significantly improve the performance of quantum state tomography. Utilizing information about the system for the on-line choice of optimal measurements allows to reach the ultimate bounds of…

We propose a quantum tomography scheme for pure qudit systems which adopts random base measurements and generative learning methods, along with a built-in fidelity estimation approach to assess the reliability of the tomographic states. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Jun Wang , Zhao-Yu Han , Song-Bo Wang , Zeyang Li , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan , Lei Wang

In this paper, we study extended linear regression approaches for quantum state tomography based on regularization techniques. For unknown quantum states represented by density matrices, performing measurements under certain basis yields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-29 Biqiang Mu , Hongsheng Qi , Ian R. Petersen , Guodong Shi

Quantum State Tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system from measurement data. A reliable tomography scheme should not only report an estimate for that state, but also well-justified error bars. These may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Jinzhao Wang , Volkher B. Scholz , Renato Renner

Quantum measurements, alongside quantum states and processes, form a cornerstone of quantum information processing. However, unlike states and processes, their efficient characterisation remains relatively unexplored. We resolve this…

We study the problem of quantum-state tomography under the assumption that the state of the system is close to pure. In this context, an efficient measurements that one typically formulates uniquely identify a pure state from within the set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-11 Amir Kalev , Charles H. Baldwin , Ivan H. Deutsch

We establish a general principle for the tomographic approach to quantum state reconstruction, till now based on a simple rotation transformation in the phase space, which allows us to consider other types of transformations. Then, we will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Stefano Mancini , Paolo Tombesi , Vladimir I. Man'ko

Full quantum tomography of high-dimensional quantum systems is experimentally infeasible due to the exponential scaling of the number of required measurements on the number of qubits in the system. However, several ideas were proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 G. I. Struchalin , Ya. A. Zagorovskii , E. V. Kovlakov , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

We study the performance of efficient quantum state tomography methods based on neural network quantum states using measured data from a two-photon experiment. Machine learning inspired variational methods provide a promising route towards…

We study different techniques that allow us to gain complete knowledge about an unknown quantum state, e.g. to perform full tomography of this state. We focus on two apparently simple cases, full tomography of one and two qubit systems. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Durt