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For ideal fluid flow with zero surface tension and gravity, it remains unknown whether local singularities on the free surface can develop in well-posed initial value problems with smooth initial data. This is so despite great advances over…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Jian-Guo Liu , Robert L. Pego

The recently proposed low degree-of-freedom model of Moffat and Kimura [1,2] for describing the approach to finite-time singularity of the incompressible Euler fluid equations is investigated. The model assumes an initial finite-energy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-18 Philip J. Morrison , Yoshifumi Kimura

This paper establishes finite-time splash singularity formation for 3D viscous incompressible neo-Hookean elastodynamics with free boundaries. The system features mixed stress-kinematic conditions where viscous-elastic stresses balance…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Wei Zhang , Chengchun Hao , Jie Fu

The goal of this numerical study is to get insight into singular solutions of the two-dimensional (2D) Euler equations for non-smooth initial data, in particular for vortex sheets. To this end high resolution computations of vortex layers…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-06 Julius Bergmann , Thibault Maurel-Oujia , Xi-Yuan , Yin , Jean-Christophe Nave , Kai Schneider

The question of spontaneous apparition of singularity in the 3D incompressible Euler equations is one of the most important and challenging open problems in mathematical fluid mechanics. In this survey article we review some of recent…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dongho Chae

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the incompressible Euler equation in a time-dependent fluid domain, whose interface evolution is governed by the law of linear elasticity. Our main result asserts that the Cauchy problem is globally…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Thomas Alazard , Chengyang Shao , Haocheng Yang

The formation of singularities in the three-dimensional Euler equation is investigated. This is done by restricting the number of Fourier modes to a set which allows only for local interactions in wave number space. Starting from an initial…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-28 C. Uhlig , J. Eggers

The global regularity problem for the Boussinesq system is a well known open problem in mathematical fluid dynamics. As a follow up to our work \cite{EJSI}, we give examples of finite-energy and Lipschitz continuous velocity field and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-02-27 Tarek M. Elgindi , In-Jee Jeong

This paper contributes to the study of large data problems for $C^1$ solutions of the relativistic Euler equations. In the $(1+1)$-dimensional spacetime setting, if the initial data are away from vacuum, a key difficulty in proving the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Nikolaos Athanasiou , Shengguo Zhu

We prove that one cannot construct, for arbitrary initial data, global-in-time physical classical solutions to Euler's equations of continuum rigid body mechanics when the constituent rigid bodies are not perfect spheres. By 'physical'…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-11-24 Mark Wilkinson

We first establish existence for all positive time near equilibrium for the moving interface problem between the Navier-Stokes equations for the evolving fluid phase (moved by the fluid velocity) and an elastic body modelled by the linear…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Daniel Coutand

We introduce an Eulerian approach for problems involving one or more soft solids immersed in a fluid, which permits mechanical interactions between all phases. The reference map variable is exploited to simulate finite-deformation…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Boris Valkov , Chris H. Rycroft , Ken Kamrin

This article concerns the formation of finite-time singularities in solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic systems with small initial data. By constructing a special test function, we first present a simpler proof of the main result in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Zhentao Jin , Yi Zhou

It is well-known that shock will form in finite time for hyperbolic conservation laws from initial nonlinear compression no matter how small and smooth the data are. Classical results, including Lax [14], Liu [22], Li-Zhou-Kong [16],…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-11-16 Geng Chen , Ronghua Pan , Shengguo Zhu

We consider steady solutions to the incompressible Euler equations in a two-dimensional channel with rigid walls. The flow consists of two periodic layers of constant vorticity separated by an unknown interface. Using global bifurcation…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Alex Doak , Karsten Matthies , Jonathan Sewell , Miles H. Wheeler

Singularities of the Navier-Stokes equations occur when some derivative of the velocity field is infinite at any point of a field of flow (or, in an evolving flow, becomes infinite at any point within a finite time). Such singularities can…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-07-16 H. K. Moffatt

We study a 1D model for the 3D incompressible Euler equations in axisymmetric geometries, which can be viewed as a local approximation to the Euler equations near the solid boundary of a cylindrical domain. We prove the local well-posedness…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-11-13 Thomas Y. Hou , Guo Luo

Whether the 3D incompressible Euler equations can develop a finite time singularity from smooth initial data is one of the most challenging problems in nonlinear PDEs. In this paper, we present some new numerical evidence that the 3D…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-05-30 Thomas Y. Hou

We analyze the shock formation process for the 3d non-isentropic Euler equations with the ideal gas law, in which sounds waves interact with entropy waves to produce vorticity. Building on our theory for isentropic flows in [3,4], we give a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-06-29 Tristan Buckmaster , Steve Shkoller , Vlad Vicol

We consider the question whether starting from a smooth initial condition 3D inviscid Euler flows on a periodic domain $\mathbb{T}^3$ may develop singularities in a finite time. Our point of departure is the well-known result by Kato…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-02-20 Xinyu Zhao , Bartosz Protas