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Accurate estimation of sub-surface properties such as moisture content and depth of soil and vegetation layers is crucial for applications spanning sub-surface condition monitoring, precision agriculture, and effective wildfire risk…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Ishfaq Aziz , Elahe Soltanaghai , Adam Watts , Mohamad Alipour

This paper presents a Time-Domain Transmissometry Soil Moisture Sensor (TDT-SMS) using a Dispersive Phase Shifter (DPS), consisting of an interdigital capacitor that is loaded with a stacked 4-turn Complementary Spiral Resonator (S4-CSR).…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Rasool Keshavarz , Negin Shariati

We propose a new framework to compare alternative geostatistical descriptions of a given site. Multiple realizations of each of the considered geostatistical models and their corresponding tomograms (based on inversion of noise-contaminated…

Geophysics · Physics 2017-01-09 N. Linde , T. Lochbühler , M. Dogan , R. L. Van Dam

Soil moisture (SM) estimation from active microwave data remains challenging due to the complex interactions between radar backscatter and surface characteristics. While the water cloud model (WCM) provides a semi-physical approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yi Yu , Patrick Filippi , Thomas F. A. Bishop

Continuous soil-moisture measurements provide a direct lens on subsurface hydrological processes, notably the post-rainfall "drydown" phase. Because these records consist of distinct, segment-specific behaviours whose forms and scales vary…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-17 Mengyi Gong , Christopher Nemeth , Rebecca Killick , Peter Strauss , John Quinton

The use of GNSS signals as a source of opportunity for remote sensing applications, GNSS-R, has been a research area of interest for more than a decade. One of the possible applications of this technique is soil moisture monitoring. The…

Remote sensing of soil moisture and vegetation water content from space often requires underdetermined inversion of a zeroth-order approximation of the forward radiative transfer equation in L-band---known as the $\tau$-$\omega$ model. This…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-08-29 Ardeshir Ebtehaj

Moisture estimation of sub-surface soil and the overlaying biomass layer is pivotal in precision agriculture and wildfire risk assessment. However, the characterization of layered material is nontrivial due to the radar…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Ishfaq Aziz , Elahe Soltanaghai , Adam Watts , Mohamad Alipour

The main challenges of measuring precipitation are related to the spatio-temporal variability of the drop-size distribution, to the uncertainties that condition the modeling of that distribution, and to the instrumental errors present in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 Ramiro Checa-Garcia

In this contribution, we investigate the potential of hyperspectral data combined with either simulated ground penetrating radar (GPR) or simulated (sensor-like) soil-moisture data to estimate soil moisture. We propose two simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Felix M. Riese , Sina Keller

This paper proposes an effective treatment of hyperparameters in the Bayesian inference of a scalar field from indirect observations. Obtaining the joint posterior distribution of the field and its hyperparameters is challenging. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-20 Nadège Polette , Olivier Le Maître , Pierre Sochala , Alexandrine Gesret

Inversion methodology has been used to obtain, from multi-layer soil probes records, a complete soil parametrisation, namely water retention curve, unsaturated conductivity curve and bulk density at 4 depths. The approach integrates water…

Geophysics · Physics 2018-05-18 Giuliano Vitali , Mirco Iotti , Alessandra Zambonelli

This study demonstrates, for the first time, how a network of cellular base stations (BSs) - the infrastructure of mobile radio networks - can be used as a distributed opportunistic radar for rainfall remote sensing. By adapting…

A novel algorithm is developed to downscale soil moisture (SM), obtained at satellite scales of 10-40 km by utilizing its temporal correlations to historical auxiliary data at finer scales. Including such correlations drastically reduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-22 Subit Chakrabarti , Jasmeet Judge , Tara Bongiovanni , Anand Rangarajan , Sanjay Ranka

The evaluation of modelled or satellite-derived soil moisture (SM) estimates is usually dependent on comparisons against in-situ SM measurements. However, the inherent mismatch in spatial support (i.e., scale) necessitates a cautious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yi Yu , Brendan P. Malone , Luigi J. Renzullo

The current availability of soil moisture data over large areas comes from satellite remote sensing technologies (i.e., radar-based systems), but these data have coarse resolution and often exhibit large spatial information gaps. Where data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Danny Rorabaugh , Mario Guevara , Ricardo Llamas , Joy Kitson , Rodrigo Vargas , Michela Taufer

We present a multi-sensor Bayesian passive microwave retrieval algorithm for flood inundation mapping at high spatial and temporal resolutions. The algorithm takes advantage of observations from multiple sensors in optical, short-infrared,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-07-12 Zeinab Takbiri , Ardeshir M Ebtehaj , Efi Foufoula-Georgiou

Score-based diffusion models are a recently developed framework for posterior sampling in Bayesian inverse problems with a state-of-the-art performance for severely ill-posed problems by leveraging a powerful prior distribution learned from…

Spatially-explicit estimates of population density, together with appropriate estimates of uncertainty, are required in many management contexts. Density Surface Models (DSMs) are a two-stage approach for estimating spatially-varying…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-25 Mark V Bravington , David L Miller , Sharon L Hedley

Soil moisture is a quantity of interest in many application areas including agriculture and climate modeling. Existing methods are not suitable for scale applications due to large deployment costs in high-resolution sensing applications…

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