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We show an equivalence between Dirac quantization and the reduced phase space quantization. The equivalence of the both quantization methods determines the operator ordering of the Hamiltonian. Some examples of the operator ordering are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Katsutaro Shimizu

We provide a MATLAB numerical guide at the beginner level to support students starting their research careers in theoretical quantum optics and related areas. These resources are also valuable for undergraduate and graduate students working…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Nilakantha Meher

The computational problem of distinguishing two quantum channels is central to quantum computing. It is a generalization of the well-known satisfiability problem from classical to quantum computation. This problem is shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-24 Bill Rosgen

We present an introduction to the Quantum Toolbox in Python (QuTiP) in the context of an undergraduate quantum mechanics class and potential senior research projects. QuTiP provides ready-to-use definitions of standard quantum states and…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-10-01 Andrew M. C. Dawes

It is proposed that the Dirac equation, as normally interpreted, incorporates intrinsic redundancies whose removal necessarily leads to an enormous gain in calculating power and physical interpretation. Streamlined versions of the Dirac…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Rowlands

The complex unit appearing in the equations of quantum mechanics is generalised to a quaternionic structure on spacetime, leading to the consideration of complex quantum mechanical particles whose dynamical behaviour is governed by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 S. P. Brumby , G. C. Joshi

Throughout introductory physics, students create and interpret free body diagrams in which multiple forces act on an object, typically at a single location (the object's center of mass). The situation increases in difficulty when multiple…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-01-29 Jaime Bryant , Rita Dawod , Susan M. Fischer , Mary Bridget Kustusch

In this research, we investigate the quantum and classical phase transitions of the Dirac particles in a homogeneously magnetized curved rotating 2+1 dimensional spacetime. We consider the intricate relationship between geometry and quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-30 Nusret Sahan , Erdem Sucu

Among the many perplexing results of quantum mechanics is one that contradicts a result from introductory physics: the possibility of finding a quantum particle in a region that would be forbidden classically by energy conservation. An…

Popular Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Dennis E. Krause , Nikolai Jones

The complexity of quantum computation remains poorly understood. While physicists attempt to find ways to create quantum computers, we still do not have much evidence one way or the other as to how useful these machines will be. The tools…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lance Fortnow

To simulate a quantum system with continuous degrees of freedom on a quantum computer based on quantum digits, it is necessary to reduce continuous observables (primarily coordinates and momenta) to discrete observables. We consider this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 M. G. Ivanov , A. Yu. Polushkin

This paper outlines an alternative approach to teaching quantum computing at the high school level, tailored for students with limited prior knowledge in advanced mathematics and physics. This approach diverges from traditional methods by…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-03-27 Qihong Sun , Shuangxiang Zhou , Ronghang Chen , Guanru Feng , Shi-Yao Hou , Bei Zeng

Using the example of a Dirac particle in external static fields, Dirac theory is reformulated as a one-particle quantum theory in the space of normalized two-component spinors. In this formulation, the Dirac operator ``splits'' into two…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 N. L. Chuprikov

An extension of the Dirac procedure for the quantization of constrained systems is necessary to address certain issues that are left open in Dirac's original proposal. These issues play an important role especially in the context of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 A. Ashtekar , Ranjeet S. Tate

Convenient and simple numerical techniques for performing quantum computations based on matrix representations of Hilbert space operators are presented and illustrated by various examples. The applications include the calculations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-15 H J Korsch , K Rapedius

In the rapidly growing area of quantum information, the Deutsch algorithm is ubiquitous and, in most cases, the first one to be introduced to any student of this relatively new field of research. The reason for this historical relevance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Yohan Vianna , Mariana R. Barros , Malena Hor-Meyll

Quantum theory is often regarded as challenging to learn and teach, with advanced mathematical prerequisites ranging from complex numbers and probability theory to matrix multiplication, vector space algebra and symbolic manipulation within…

Knowledge of quantum mechanical systems is becoming more important for many science and engineering students who are looking to join the emerging quantum workforce. To better prepare a wide range of students for these careers, we must seek…

The two-dimensional Dirac equation has been widely used in graphene physics, the surface of topological insulators, and especially quantum scarring. Although a numerical approach to tackling an arbitrary confining problem was proposed…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Jiale Sun , Xiaoshui Lin

Applications such as simulating complicated quantum systems or solving large-scale linear algebra problems are very challenging for classical computers due to the extremely high computational cost. Quantum computers promise a solution,…