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We report on a large-scale study of student learning of quantum tunneling in 4 traditional and 4 transformed modern physics courses. In the transformed courses, which were designed to address student difficulties found in previous research,…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-04-14 S. B. McKagan , K. K. Perkins , C. E. Wieman

It is the matter of fact that quantum mechanics operates with notions that are not determined in the frame of the mechanics' formalism. Among them we can call the notion of "wave-particle" (that, however, does not appear in both classical…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Volodymyr Krasnoholovets

It is argued that the time-of-arrival cannot be precisely defined and measured in quantum mechanics. By constructing explicit toy models of a measurement, we show that for a free particle it cannot be measured more accurately then $\Delta…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Y. Aharonov , J. Oppenheim , S. Popescu , B. Reznik , W. G. Unruh

Symbolic equations are one of the many representations used in physics. Understanding these representations is important for students because they are how students access knowledge in physics. In this paper I build off of the work by Redish…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-06-08 Eugene T. Torigoe

The concept of a \emph{weak value} of a quantum observable was developed in the late 1980s by Aharonov and colleagues to characterize the value of an observable for a quantum system in the time interval between two projective measurements.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-17 J. M. Farinholt , A. Ghazarians , J. E. Troupe

Much of the mathematical development of quantum field theory has been in support of determining the S-matrix in order to calculate scattering cross sections. However there is also an interest in determining how expectation values of field…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-24 Dan Solomon

It is shown that determining whether a quantum computation has a non-zero probability of accepting is at least as hard as the polynomial time hierarchy. This hardness result also applies to determining in general whether a given quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen Fenner , Frederic Green , Steven Homer , Randall Pruim

Dirac notation is widely used in quantum physics and quantum programming languages to define, compute and reason about quantum states. This paper considers Dirac notation from the perspective of automated reasoning. We prove two main…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yingte Xu , Gilles Barthe , Li Zhou

Obtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, a common strategy is to present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Tzu-Ching Yen , Aadithya Ganeshram , Artur F. Izmaylov

Recently, the presence in the literature (also recent) of voluminous discussions about the interpretation of quantum mechanics has been labelled as scandalous. We claim that a weak point of the debate which hosted such a conclusion is a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-09-27 Roberto Beneduci , Franklin E. Schroeck

The outcome of a weak quantum measurement conditioned to a subsequent postselection (a weak value protocol) can assume peculiar values. These results cannot be explained in terms of conditional probabilistic outcomes of projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-31 Alessandro Romito , Andrew N. Jordan , Yakir Aharonov , Yuval Gefen

We examine the measurability of the temporal ordering of two events, as well as event coincidences. In classical mechanics, a measurement of the order-of-arrival of two particles is shown to be equivalent to a measurement involving only one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Oppenheim , B. Reznik , W. Unruh

Medical technologies, including quantum machine learning (QML) and quantum sensing, represent transformative tools for addressing some of the most pressing challenges in healthcare and drug discovery today. We discuss the ways that these…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-07 Jessica L. Rosenberg , Nancy Holincheck

A geometric construction of the arrival time in conventional quantum mechanics is presented. It is based on a careful mathematical analysis of different quantization procedures for classical observables as functions of positions and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Jerzy Kijowski

Every quantum physical system can be considered the ''shadow'' of a special kind of classical system. The system proposed here is classical mainly because each observable function has a well precise value on each state of the system: an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Antonio Cassa

Understanding the electron clock and the role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics is grounded in the geometry of spacetime, and best expressed with Spacetime Algebra (STA). The efficiency of STA is demonstrated with coordinate-free…

General Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 David Hestenes

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQC, aka, variational quantum circuits) are among the proposals for a computational advantage over classical computation of near-term (not fault tolerant) digital quantum computers. PQCs have to be "trained"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-01 Evgenii Dolzhkov , Bahman Ghandchi , Dirk Oliver Theis

The conformability of angular observales (angular momentum and azimuthal angle) with the mathematical rules of quantum mechanics is a question which still rouses debates. It is valued negatively within the existing approaches which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Dumitru

We propose a time-of-arrival operator in quantum mechanics by conditioning on a quantum clock. This allows us to bypass some of the problems of previous proposals, and to obtain a Hermitian time of arrival operator whose probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-19 Lorenzo Maccone , Krzysztof Sacha

The traditional approach to accelerator optics, based mainly on classical mechanics, is working excellently from the practical point of view. However, from the point of view of curiosity, as well as with a view to explore quantitatively the…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Jagannathan