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Various quantum measurement procedures are analyzed and it is shown that under certain conditions they yield consistently {\em weak values} which might be very different from the eigenvalues, the allowed outcomes according to the standard…
The indeterministic outcome of a measurement of an individual quantum is certified by the impossibility of the simultaneous, definite, deterministic pre-existence of all conceivable observables from physical conditions of that quantum…
The QuVis Quantum Mechanics Visualization project aims to address challenges of quantum mechanics instruction through the development of interactive simulations for the learning and teaching of quantum mechanics. In this article, we…
We discuss the distinction between the notion of partial observable and the notion of complete observable. Mixing up the two is frequently a source of confusion. The distinction bears on several issues related to observability, such as (i)…
Since the particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle…
Expanding our knowledge of student difficulties in advanced undergraduate electromagnetism is essential if we are to develop effective instructional interventions. Drawing on an analysis of course materials, in-class observations and…
Quantum measurement is one of the most fascinating and discussed phenomena in quantum physics, due to the impact on the system of the measurement action and the resulting interpretation issues. Scholars proposed weak measurements to amplify…
The problem of observables in classical and quantum gravity is a long-standing one. It is sometimes argued that observable quantities should be diffeomorphsm invariant, following the philosophy of Dirac. We argue that diffeomorphism…
The concept of a modular value of an observable of a pre- and post-selected quantum system is introduced. It is similar in form and in some cases has a close connection to the weak value of an observable, but instead of describing an…
The readings of a highly inaccurate "weak" quantum meter, employed to determine the value of a dichotomous variable $S$ without destroying the interference between the alternatives,may take arbitrary values. We show that the expected values…
These pedagogical notes are dedicated to a derivation of the Unruh effect. There is special emphasis on the transparency of the arguments and the exhibition of detailed calculations. We assume the reader has a basic knowledge of quantum…
Adiabatic quantum control protocols have been of wide interest to quantum computation due to their robustness and insensitivity to their actual duration of execution. As an extension of previous quantum learning algorithms, this work…
In these informal lecture notes we outline different approaches used in doing calculations involving the Dirac equation in curved spacetime. We have tried to clarify the subject by carefully pointing out the various conventions used and by…
In the canonical approach to general relativity it is customary to parametrize the phase space by initial data on spacelike hypersurfaces. However, if one seeks a theory dealing with observations that can be made by a single localized…
In this work, we have obtained the solutions of the (1 + 1) dimensional Dirac equation on a gravitational background within the generalized uncertainty principle. We have shown that how minimal length parameters effect the Dirac particle in…
Some precisions are given about the definition of the Hamiltonian operator H and its transformation properties, for a linear wave equation in a general spacetime. In the presence of time-dependent unitary gauge transformations, H as an…
We are trying to identify resources students are using to reason in quantum mechanics. In this process we realize students must have not only the right resources available but sophisticated for evaluating and controlling their thought…
By using the general concepts of special relativity and the requirements of quantum mechanics, Dirac equation is derived and studied. Only elementary knowledge of spin and rotations in quantum mechanics and standard handlings of linear…
Using 2 more time variables as the quantum hidden variables, we derive the equation of Dirac field under the principle of classical physics, then we extend our method into the quantum fields with arbitrary spin number. The spin of particle…
We compare the proposals that have appeared in the literature to describe a measurement of the time of arrival of a quantum particle at a detector. We show that there are multiple regimes where different proposals give inequivalent,…