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We introduce an abstract framework for the study of clustering in metric graphs: after suitably metrising the space of graph partitions, we restrict Laplacians to the clusters thus arising and use their spectral gaps to define several…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-05 James B. Kennedy , Pavel Kurasov , Corentin Léna , Delio Mugnolo

Real-world data is often represented through the relationships between data samples, forming a graph structure. In many applications, it is necessary to learn this graph structure from the observed data. Current graph learning research has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-15 Abdullah Karaaslanli , Bisakh Banerjee , Tapabrata Maiti , Selin Aviyente

A signed graph is said to be sign-symmetric if it is switching isomorphic to its negation. Bipartite signed graphs are trivially sign-symmetric. We give new constructions of non-bipartite sign-symmetric signed graphs. Sign-symmetric signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Ebrahim Ghorbani , Willem H. Haemers , Hamid Reza Maimani , Leila Parsaei Majd

In this paper, structural properties of chordal graphs are analysed, in order to establish a relationship between these structures and integer Laplacian eigenvalues. We present the characterization of chordal graphs with equal vertex and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Nair Maria Maia de Abreu , Claudia Marcela Justel , Lilian Markenzon

The spectrum of the normalized Laplacian matrix cannot determine the number of edges in a graph, however finding constructions of cospectral graphs with differing number of edges has been elusive. In this paper we use basic properties of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-27 Steve Butler

We discuss Laplacian spectrum on a finite metric graph with vertex couplings violating the time-reversal invariance. For the class of star graphs we determine, under the condition of a fixed total edge length, the configurations for which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Pavel Exner , Jonathan Rohleder

In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs with exactly three distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of which one is equal to $1$, determine all connected bipartite graphs with at least one vertex of degree $1$ having exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Xueyi Huang , Qiongxiang Huang

It is well known that a graph $G$ has a symmetric spectrum if and only if it is bipartite, a signed graph $\Gamma=(G,\sigma)$ has a symmetric spectrum if $G$ is bipartite. However, there exists a spectrally symmetric signed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Deqiong Li , Qiongxiang Huang

We present a systematic collection of spectral surgery principles for the Laplacian on a metric graph with any of the usual vertex conditions (natural, Dirichlet or $\delta$-type), which show how various types of changes of a local or…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Gregory Berkolaiko , James B. Kennedy , Pavel Kurasov , Delio Mugnolo

We propose a new point of view in the study of Fourier analysis on graphs, taking advantage of localization in the Fourier domain. For a signal $f$ on vertices of a weighted graph $\mathcal{G}$ with Laplacian matrix $\mathcal{L}$, standard…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-02 Basile de Loynes , Fabien Navarro , Baptiste Olivier

Semi-supervised learning is highly useful in common scenarios where labeled data is scarce but unlabeled data is abundant. The graph (or nonlocal) Laplacian is a fundamental smoothing operator for solving various learning tasks. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Or Streicher , Guy Gilboa

For more than a decade, graphs have been used to model the voting behavior taking place in parliaments. However, the methods described in the literature suffer from several limitations. The two main ones are that 1) they rely on some…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Nejat Arinik , Rosa Figueiredo , Vincent Labatut

Signed graphs are equipped with both positive and negative edge weights, encoding pairwise correlations as well as anti-correlations in data. A balanced signed graph has no cycles of odd number of negative edges. Laplacian of a balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Haruki Yokota , Hiroshi Higashi , Yuichi Tanaka , Gene Cheung

The eigenvectors for graph $1$-Laplacian possess some sort of localization property: On one hand, any nodal domain of an eigenvector is again an eigenvector with the same eigenvalue; on the other hand, one can pack up an eigenvector for a…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-04 K. C. Chang , Sihong Shao , Dong Zhang

Graphs possess exotic features like variable size and absence of natural ordering of the nodes that make them difficult to analyze and compare. To circumvent this problem and learn on graphs, graph feature representation is required. A good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Edouard Pineau

The spectral theory of graphs provides a bridge between classical signal processing and the nascent field of graph signal processing. In this paper, a spectral graph analogy to Heisenberg's celebrated uncertainty principle is developed.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-02 Ameya Agaskar , Yue M. Lu

This paper investigates spectral properties of the deformed Laplacian matrix, which merges the Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrices of a graph through a one-parameter family of matrices. We present general results on the eigenvalues of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Roberto C. Díaz , Elismar R. Oliveira , Vilmar Trevisan

A signed graph product is defined for a new product, and initially the unsigned graph product's Laplacian spectrum and signless Laplacian spectrum are found. Next, for the signed graph product, the adjacency spectrum, Laplacian spectrum,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-16 Bishal Sonar , Ravi Srivastava

Bipartite graphs are a fundamental concept in graph theory with diverse applications. A graph is bipartite iff it contains no odd cycles, a characteristic that has many implications in diverse fields ranging from matching problems to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Marzieh Eidi , Sayan Mukherjee

We conjecture that the sum of the square roots of the Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph does not exceed the sum of the square roots of its signless Laplacian eigenvalues.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-07 S. Akbari , E. Ghorbani , M. R. Oboudi