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Tidal Love numbers of black holes, zero in classical general relativity for Kerr black holes in vacuum, become non-vanishing in the presence of exotic matter or in alternative theories of gravity, making them a powerful probe of fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-02 M. Andrés-Carcasona , G. Caneva Santoro

The tidal deformability of a self-gravitating object leaves an imprint on the gravitational-wave signal of an inspiral which is paramount to measure the internal structure of the binary components. We unveil here a surprisingly unnoticed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-30 Paolo Pani , Andrea Maselli

The tidal response of compact objects in an inspiraling binary system is measured by a set of tidal Love and dissipation numbers imprinted in the gravitational waveforms. While a four-dimensional black hole in vacuum within General…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-15 Takuya Katagiri , Hiroyuki Nakano , Kazuyuki Omukai

The open question of whether a black hole can become tidally deformed by an external gravitational field has profound implications for fundamental physics, astrophysics and gravitational-wave astronomy. Love tensors characterize the tidal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-02 Alexandre Le Tiec , Marc Casals

The Weak Gravity Conjecture indicates that extremal black holes in the low energy effective field theory should be able to decay. This criterion gives rise to non-trivial constraints on the coefficients of higher-order derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Valerio De Luca , Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

Tidal Love numbers describe the linear response of a compact object under the presence of external tidal perturbations, and they are found to vanish exactly for black holes within General Relativity. In this paper we investigate the tidal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-02 Valerio De Luca , Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

We study the tidal deformability of horizonless exotic compact objects, with implications for area quantized black holes. Since, any such horizonless compact object, including area quantized black hole, possesses a non-zero reflectivity, it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-05 Sreejith Nair , Sumanta Chakraborty , Sudipta Sarkar

In this note, we analyze black holes solutions under R3 corrections, which is the leading correction induced by quantum corrections in four-dimensions. We showed that perturbations around this black hole background will lead to non-zero…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-18 Shengsheng Cai , Kai-Der Wang

Within Einstein's theory of gravity, any compact object heavier than a few solar masses must be a black hole. Any observation showing otherwise would imply either new physics beyond General Relativity or new exotic matter fields beyond the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Elisa Maggio , Paolo Pani , Guilherme Raposo

The recent detection of gravitational waves from a neutron star merger was a significant step towards constraining the nuclear matter equation of state by using the tidal Love numbers (TLNs) of the merging neutron stars. Measuring or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-14 Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev , Daniela D. Doneva , Kostas D. Kokkotas

Tidal Love numbers characterize the conservative, static response of compact objects to external tidal fields. Remarkably, these quantities vanish identically for asymptotically flat black holes in four-dimensional general relativity. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-29 Valerio De Luca , Brandon Khek , Justin Khoury , Mark Trodden

This is a whitepaper submitted to the 2010 Astronomy Decadal Review process, addressing the potential tests of gravity theory that could be made by observations of gravitational waves in the milliHertz frequency band by the proposed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-03 Bernard F. Schutz , Joan Centrella , Curt Cutler , Scott A. Hughes

Over the next decade, third-generation interferometers and the space-based LISA mission will observe binaries in galactic centers involving supermassive black holes with millions of solar masses. More precise measurements of more extreme…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-09 Francisco Duque

The recent LIGO detection of gravitational waves from black-hole binaries offers the exciting possibility of testing gravitational theories in the previously inaccessible strong-field, highly relativistic regime. While the LIGO detections…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-17 Enrico Barausse

We estimate the accuracy in the measurement of the tidal Love number of a supermassive compact object through the detection of an extreme mass ratio inspiral~(EMRI) by the future LISA mission. A nonzero Love number would be a smoking gun…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-01 Gabriel Andres Piovano , Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani

Two new observational windows have been opened to strong gravitational physics: gravitational waves, and very long baseline interferometry. This suggests observational searches for new phenomena in this regime, and in particular for those…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Steven B. Giddings , Seth Koren , Gabriel Treviño

The spacetime surrounding compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes provides an excellent place to study gravity in the strong, non-linear, dynamical regime. Here, the effects of strong curvature can leave their imprint on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 Alexander Saffer , Kent Yagi

Asymmetric emission of gravitational waves during a compact binary coalescence results in the loss of linear momentum and a corresponding "kick" or recoil on the binary's center of mass. This leads to a direction-dependent Doppler shift of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-17 Parthapratim Mahapatra , Marc Favata , K. G. Arun

The deformability of a compact object induced by a perturbing tidal field is encoded in the tidal Love numbers, which depend sensibly on the object's internal structure. These numbers are known only for static, spherically-symmetric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Paolo Pani , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli , Valeria Ferrari

An important physical phenomenon that manifests itself during the inspiral of two orbiting compact objects is the tidal deformation of each under the gravitational influence of its companion. In the case of binary neutron star mergers, this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-22 Vaishak Prasad , Anshu Gupta , Sukanta Bose , Badri Krishnan