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We initiate the study of online quantum state tomography (QST), where the matrix representation of an unknown quantum state is reconstructed by sequentially performing a batch of measurements and updating the state estimate using only the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Jian-Feng Cai , Yuling Jiao , Yinan Li , Xiliang Lu , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Juntao You

The gradient descent approach is the key ingredient in variational quantum algorithms and machine learning tasks, which is an optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of an objective function. The quantum versions of gradient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 Jin-Min Liang , Shi-Jie Wei , Shao-Ming Fei

With nowadays steadily growing quantum processors, it is required to develop new quantum tomography tools that are tailored for high-dimensional systems. In this work, we describe such a computational tool, based on recent ideas from…

Variational quantum algorithms rely on the optimization of parameterized quantum circuits in noisy settings. The commonly used back-propagation procedure in classical machine learning is not directly applicable in this setting due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Zhiyan Ding , Taehee Ko , Jiahao Yao , Lin Lin , Xiantao Li

Gradient-based optimizers have been proposed for training variational quantum circuits in settings such as quantum neural networks (QNNs). The task of gradient estimation, however, has proven to be challenging, primarily due to distinctive…

Variational quantum algorithms, optimized using gradient-based methods, often exhibit sub-optimal convergence performance due to their dependence on Euclidean geometry. Quantum natural gradient descent (QNGD) is a more efficient method that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Mohammad Aamir Sohail , Mohsen Heidari , S. Sandeep Pradhan

Drawing inspiration from gradient-descent methods developed for data processing in quantum state tomography [\href{https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/ae0baa}{Quantum Sci.~Technol.~\textbf{10} 045055 (2025)}] and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Akshay Gaikwad , Manuel Sebastian Torres , Anton Frisk Kockum

Constrained optimization plays a crucial role in the fields of quantum physics and quantum information science and becomes especially challenging for high-dimensional complex structure problems. One specific issue is that of quantum process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Daniel Volya , Andrey Nikitin , Prabhat Mishra

Reconstructing the state of quantum many-body systems is of fundamental importance in quantum information tasks, but extremely challenging due to the curse of dimensionality. In this work, we present an efficient quantum tomography protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yong Wang , Lijun Liu , Shuming Cheng , Li Li , Jie Chen

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a widely employed technique for characterizing the state of a quantum system. However, it is plagued by two fundamental challenges: computational and experimental complexity grows exponentially with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Akshay Gaikwad , Manuel Sebastian Torres , Shahnawaz Ahmed , Anton Frisk Kockum

Gradient descent method, as one of the major methods in numerical optimization, is the key ingredient in many machine learning algorithms. As one of the most fundamental way to solve the optimization problems, it promises the function value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-01 Keren Li , Shijie Wei , Feihao Zhang , Pan Gao , Zengrong Zhou , Tao Xin , Xiaoting Wang , Guilu Long

Quantum state tomography, which aims to find the best description of a quantum state -- the density matrix, is an essential building block in quantum computation and communication. Standard techniques for state tomography are incapable of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Markus Rambach , Akram Youssry , Marco Tomamichel , Jacquiline Romero

Optimization problems in disciplines such as machine learning are commonly solved with iterative methods. Gradient descent algorithms find local minima by moving along the direction of steepest descent while Newton's method takes into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Patrick Rebentrost , Maria Schuld , Leonard Wossnig , Francesco Petruccione , Seth Lloyd

Linear equations play a pivotal role in many areas of science and engineering, making efficient solutions to linear systems highly desirable. The development of quantum algorithms for solving linear systems has been a significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Nhat A. Nghiem

Precise reconstruction of unknown quantum states from measurement data, a process commonly called quantum state tomography, is a crucial component in the development of quantum information processing technologies. Many different tomography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Ingrid Strandberg

We introduce two quantum algorithms for solving structured prediction problems. We first show that a stochastic gradient descent that uses the quantum minimum finding algorithm and takes its probabilistic failure into account solves the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Behrooz Sepehry , Ehsan Iranmanesh , Michael P. Friedlander , Pooya Ronagh

In this paper, we explore an efficient online algorithm for quantum state estimation based on a matrix-exponentiated gradient method previously used in the context of machine learning. The state update is governed by a learning rate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-28 Akram Youssry , Christopher Ferrie , Marco Tomamichel

We present a technique for performing quantum detector tomography (QDT) of phase insensitive quantum detectors, a category under which many detectors of interest fall under, using gradient descent-based optimization to learn the positive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Amanuel Anteneh , Olivier Pfister

Quantum tomography is a process of quantum state reconstruction using data from multiple measurements. An essential goal for a quantum tomography algorithm is to find measurements that will maximize the useful information about an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 A. D. Moiseevskiy , G. I. Struchalin , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

Quantum tomography is a fundamental technique for characterizing, benchmarking, and verifying quantum states and devices. It plays a crucial role in advancing quantum technologies and deepening our understanding of quantum mechanics.…

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