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Solving linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) is one of the most promising applications for quantum computers to demonstrate exponential advantages. The challenge of designing a quantum ODE algorithm is how to embed non-unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Zhong-Xia Shang , Naixu Guo , Dong An , Qi Zhao

In the Bloch sphere picture, one finds the coefficients for expanding a single-qubit density operator in terms of the identity and Pauli matrices. A generalization to $n$ qubits via tensor products represents a density operator by a real…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

Fast-forwarding refers to the ability to simulate a system of time $t$ using significantly fewer than $t$ queries or circuit depth. While various Hamiltonian systems are known to circumvent the no fast-forwarding theorem, analogous results…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Zhong-Xia Shang , Dong An , Changpeng Shao

Lindblad dynamics and other open-system dynamics provide a promising path towards efficient Gibbs sampling on quantum computers. In these proposals, the Lindbladian is obtained via an algorithmic construction akin to designing an artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Zhiyan Ding , Bowen Li , Lin Lin

Many-body open quantum systems, described by Lindbladian master equations, are a rich class of physical models that display complex equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium phenomena which remain to be understood. In this paper, we theoretically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Vikram Kashyap , Georgios Styliaris , Sara Mouradian , Juan Ignacio Cirac , Rahul Trivedi

We study algorithmic error mitigation via Richardson-style extrapolation for quantum simulations of open quantum systems modelled by the Lindblad equation. Focusing on two specific first-order quantum algorithms, we perform a backward-error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Pegah Mohammadipour , Xiantao Li

Trotter decomposition provides a simple approach to simulating open quantum systems by decomposing the Lindbladian into a sum of individual terms. While it is established that Trotter errors in Hamiltonian simulation depend on nested…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Xinzhao Wang , Shuo Zhou , Xiaoyang Wang , Yi-Cong Zheng , Shengyu Zhang , Tongyang Li

The characterization of open quantum systems is a central and recurring problem for the development of quantum technologies. For time-independent systems, an (often unique) steady state describes the average physics once all the transient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Fabrizio Minganti , Dolf Huybrechts

The exact solution of the Lindblad equation with a quadratic Hamiltonian and linear coupling operators was derived within the chord representation, that is, for the Fourier transform of the Wigner function, also known as the characteristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 Aldo R. Fernandes Neto , Alfredo M. Ozorio de Almeida , Olivier Brodier

We develop randomized quantum algorithms to simulate quantum collision models, also known as repeated interaction schemes, which provide a rich framework to model various open-system dynamics. The underlying technique involves composing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Kushagra Garg , Zeeshan Ahmed , Subhadip Mitra , Shantanav Chakraborty

We present a novel method for simulating the noisy behaviour of quantum computers, which allows to efficiently incorporate environmental effects in the driven evolution implementing the gates acting on the qubits. We show how to modify the…

We present quantum algorithms for the simulation of quantum systems in one spatial dimension, which result in quantum speedups that range from superpolynomial to polynomial. We first describe a method to simulate the evolution of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Rolando D. Somma

Hamiltonian learning protocols are essential tools to benchmark quantum computers and simulators. Yet rigorous methods for time-dependent Hamiltonians and Lindbladians remain scarce despite their wide use. We close this gap by learning the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Daniel Stilck França , Tim Möbus , Cambyse Rouzé , Albert H. Werner

As quantum hardware rapidly advances toward the early fault-tolerant era, a key challenge is to develop quantum algorithms that are not only theoretically sound but also hardware-friendly on near-term devices. In this work, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Di Fang , David Lloyd George , Yu Tong

We develop a new method for the construction of one-dimensional integrable Lindblad systems, which describe quantum many body models in contact with a Markovian environment. We find several new models with interesting features, such as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-23 Marius de Leeuw , Chiara Paletta , Balázs Pozsgay

The Wigner function is a useful tool for exploring the transition between quantum and classical dynamics, as well as the behavior of quantum chaotic systems. Evolving the Wigner function for open systems has proved challenging however; a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Renan Cabrera , Denys I. Bondar , Kurt Jacobs , Herschel A. Rabitz

Quantum simulation is a prominent application of quantum computers. While there is extensive previous work on simulating finite-dimensional systems, less is known about quantum algorithms for real-space dynamics. We conduct a systematic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Andrew M. Childs , Jiaqi Leng , Tongyang Li , Jin-Peng Liu , Chenyi Zhang

A quantum algorithm is presented for the simulation of arbitrary Markovian dynamics of a qubit, described by a semigroup of single qubit quantum channels $\{T_t\}$ specified by a generator $\mathcal{L}$. This algorithm requires only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-30 R. Sweke , I. Sinayskiy , F. Petruccione

We consider the simple hypothesis of letting quantum systems have an inherent random nature. Using well-known stochastic methods we thus derive a stochastic evolution operator which let us define a stochastic density operator whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Salgado , J. L. Sanchez-Gomez