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Bell's theorem sets a boundary between the classical and quantum realms, by providing a strict proof of the existence of entangled quantum states with no classical counterpart. An experimental violation of Bell's inequality demands…

Quantum correlations in Bell and prepare-and-measure experiments are central resources for probing nonclassicality and enabling device-based quantum information protocols. In the absence of shared public randomness (i.e., without run-to-run…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Liang-Liang Sun , Xiang Zhou , Chengjie Zhang , Zizhu Wang , Yong-Shun Song , Sixia Yu

The initialization of a quantum system into a certain state is a crucial aspect of quantum information science. While a variety of measurement strategies have been developed to characterize how well the system is initialized, for a given…

The no-signalling principle is a fundamental assumption in Bell-inequality and quantum-steering experiments. Nonetheless, experimental imperfections can lead to apparent violations beyond those expected from finite-sample statistics. Here,…

A set of orthogonal product states of a composite Hilbert space is genuinely nonlocal if the states are locally indistinguishable across any bipartition. In this work, we construct a minimal set of party asymmetry genuine nonlocal set in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Atanu Bhunia , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

Many quantum information protocols require a Bell-state measurement of entangled systems. Most optical Bell-state measurements utilize two-photon interference at a beam splitter. By creating polarization-entangled photons with spontaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. P. Walborn , W. A. T. Nogueira , S. Pádua , C. H. Monken

The conventional view, that Einstein was wrong to believe that quantum physics is local and deterministic, is challenged. A parametrised model, Q, for the state vector evolution of spin 1/2 particles during measurement is developed. Q draws…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 T. N. Palmer

While it has recently been demonstrated how to certify the maximal amount of randomness from any pure two-qubit entangled state in a device-independent way [E. Woodhead et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 042028(R)(2020)], the problem of optimal…

Control over electron-spin states, such as coherent manipulation, filtering and measurement promises access to new technologies in conventional as well as in quantum computation and quantum communication. In this paper, we review recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Shiro Kawabata

Given a pair of isolated devices that accept random binary inputs and return binary outputs, a user can deduce from the observed data alone if the underlying mechanism can be explained classically. Bell's theorem further states that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Kuntal Sengupta , Lewis Wooltorton

Entanglement of quasiclassical (coherent) states of two harmonic oscillators leads to striking quantum effects and is useful for quantum technologies. These effects and applications are closely related to nonlocal correlations inherent in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-14 Zhi-Rong Zhong , Jian-Qi Sheng , Li-Hua Lin , Shi-Biao Zheng

Quantum state verification (QSV) is the task of relying on local measurements only to verify that a given quantum device does produce the desired target state. Up to now, certain types of entangled states can be verified efficiently or even…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Ye-Chao Liu , Yinfei Li , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

Entanglement and Bell nonlocality are used to describe quantum inseparabilities. Bell-nonlocal states form a strict subset of entangled states. A natural question arises concerning how much territory Bell nonlocality occupies entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Xiao-Gang Fan , Zhi-Yong Ding , Fei Ming , Huan Yang , Dong Wang , Liu Ye

Understanding the connections between different quantum information protocols has been proven fruitful for both theoretical insights and experimental applications. In this work, we explore the relationship between non-local and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Matilde Baroni , Eleni Diamanti , Damian Markham , Ivan Šupić

We define a property called nondegeneracy for Bell inequalities, which describes the situation that in a Bell setting, if a Bell inequality and involved local measurements are chosen and fixed, any quantum state with a given dimension and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Zhaohui Wei , Lijinzhi Lin

We exhibit an orthogonal set of product states of two three-state particles that nevertheless cannot be reliably distinguished by a pair of separated observers ignorant of which of the states has been presented to them, even if the…

Entanglement plays a fundamental role in quantum physics and information processing. Here, we develop an unbiased estimator for mixed-state entanglement in the few-shot scenario and directly estimate it using random unitary evolution in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Gong-Chu Li , Lei Chen , Si-Qi Zhang , Xu-Song Hong , You Zhou , Geng Chen , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

To obtain Bell statistics from hybrid systems composed of finite- and infinite-dimensional systems, we propose a hybrid measurement scheme, in which the continuous mode is measured using the generalized pseudospin operators, while the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Pritam Halder , Ratul Banerjee , Saptarshi Roy , Aditi Sen De

In practical quantum networks, a variety of multi-qubit stabilized states emitted from independent sources are distributed among the agents, and the correlations across the entire network can be derived from each agent's local measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-28 Li-Yi Hsu , Ching-Hsu Chen

The assumption of a deterministic local hidden variable model constrains the experimentally accessible statistics in a Bell experiment to be contained in the Bell-local polytope. But what if the outputs for only a subset of the measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Marwan Haddara , Howard M. Wiseman , Eric G. Cavalcanti