Related papers: The Rearrangement Number
In statistical physics, the challenging combinatorial enumeration of the configurations of a system subject to hard constraints (microcanonical ensemble) is mapped to a mathematically easier calculation where the constraints are softened…
Natural numbers can be divided in two non-overlapping infinite sets, primes and composites, with composites factorizing into primes. Despite their apparent simplicity, the elucidation of the architecture of natural numbers with primes as…
It is proved that given any three conditionally convergent series of real numbers, there is a single sequence of natural numbers such that each of the corresponding three subseries sums to either $\infty$ or $-\infty$. An example is…
A causal set is a countably infinite poset in which every element is above finitely many others; causal sets are exactly the posets that have a linear extension with the order-type of the natural numbers -- we call such a linear extension a…
We introduce and prove the consistency of a new set theoretic axiom we call the \emph{Invariant Ideal Axiom}. The axiom enables us to provide (consistently) a full topological classification of countable sequential groups, as well as fully…
In this expository article, the real numbers are defined as infinite decimals. After defining an ordering relation and the arithmetic operations, it is shown that the set of real numbers is a complete ordered field. It is further shown that…
This is a report on state-of-the-art on the question of developing higher analogues of the forcing axiom PFA. Recently there have been several attempts to develop forcing axioms analogous to the proper forcing axiom (PFA) for cardinals of…
In the context of the genome rearrangement problem, we analyze two well known models, namely the reversal and the prefix reversal models, by exploiting the connection with the notion of permutation pattern. More specifically, for any $k$,…
In this article some difficulties are deduced from the set of natural numbers. By using the method of transfinite recursion we define an iterative process which is designed to deduct all the non-greatest elements of the set of natural…
The process of renormalization to eliminate divergences arising in quantum field theory is not uniquely defined; one can always perform a finite renormalization, rendering finite perturbative results ambiguous. The consequences of making…
A set A of natural numbers is finitely embeddable in another such set B if every finite subset of A has a rightward translate that is a subset of B. This notion of finite embeddability arose in combinatorial number theory, but in this paper…
Any permutation statistic $f:\sym\to\CC$ may be represented uniquely as a, possibly infinite, linear combination of (classical) permutation patterns: $f= \Sigma_\tau\lambda_f(\tau)\tau$. To provide explicit expansions for certain…
We consider the problem of enumerating integer tetrahedra of fixed perimeter (sum of side-lengths) and/or diameter (maximum side-length), up to congruence. As we will see, this problem is considerably more difficult than the corresponding…
A simple permutation is one which maps no proper non-singleton interval onto an interval. We consider the enumeration of simple permutations from several aspects. Our results include a straightforward relationship between the ordinary…
We review and compare five ways of assigning totally ordered sizes to subsets of the natural numbers: cardinality, infinite lottery logic with mirror cardinalities, natural density, generalised density, and $\alpha$-numerosity. Generalised…
We reexamine the Riemann Rearrangement Theorem for different types of convergence. We consider series convergence with respect to a filter. We describe the Sum Range (SR) of a series along the 2n-filter and for statistically convergent…
Permutations are usually enumerated by size, but new results can be found by enumerating them by inversions instead, in which case one must restrict one's attention to indecomposable permutations. In the style of the seminal paper by Simion…
The concept of number is fundamental to the formulation of any physical theory. We give a heuristic motivation for the reformulation of Quantum Mechanics in terms of non-standard real numbers called Quantum Real Numbers. The standard axioms…
In this paper we study random orderings of the integers with a certain invariance property. We describe all such orders in a simple way. We define and represent random shuffles of a countable set of labels and then give an interpretation of…
In this paper, we propose various sufficient conditions to determine if a given real number is an irrational number or a transcendental number and also apply these conditions to some interesting examples, particularly,one of them comes from…