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Helicity of quarks and gluons inside the proton at small Bjorken $x$ is one of the missing pieces of the proton spin puzzle, with limited experimental results due to various challenges. To address the problem, we derive under the framework…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-01 Yossathorn Tawabutr

We generalize the JIMWLK evolution equation to include the small-$x$ evolution of helicity distributions. To derive helicity JIMWLK, we use the method devised by A.H. Mueller for the usual unpolarized JIMWLK, and apply it to the helicity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-12-18 Florian Cougoulic , Yuri V. Kovchegov

We determine the small-$x$ asymptotics of the gluon helicity distribution in a proton at leading order in perturbative QCD at large $N_c$. To achieve this, we begin by evaluating the dipole gluon helicity TMD at small $x$. In the process we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-08-31 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Daniel Pitonyak , Matthew D. Sievert

We present a Monte Carlo based analysis of the combined world data on polarized lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering at small Bjorken $x$ within the polarized quark dipole formalism. We show for the first time that double-spin…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-11 Daniel Adamiak , Yuri V. Kovchegov , W. Melnitchouk , Daniel Pitonyak , Nobuo Sato , Matthew D. Sievert

In this Letter, we analytically solve the evolution equations for the small-$x$ asymptotic behavior of the (flavor singlet) quark helicity distribution in the large-$N_c$ limit. These evolution equations form a set of coupled…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-06-21 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Daniel Pitonyak , Matthew D. Sievert

The recently revised small-$x$ helicity evolution, resumming the double-logarithmic factor, $\alpha_s\ln^2(1/x)$, allows for the study of helicity distributions of quarks and gluons at small Bjorken $x$, corresponding to high center-of-mass…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-15 Adrian Dumitru , Heikki Mäntysaari , Yossathorn Tawabutr

We revisit the problem of small Bjorken-$x$ evolution of the gluon and flavor-singlet quark helicity distributions in the shock wave ($s$-channel) formalism. Earlier works on the subject in the same framework resulted in an evolution…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-23 Florian Cougoulic , Yuri V. Kovchegov , Andrey Tarasov , Yossathorn Tawabutr

We introduce a new model of near-forward elastic proton-(anti)proton scattering at high energy based on the modern formulation of Pomeron and Odderon in terms of Wilson lines and generalized TMDs (GTMDs). We compute the helicity-dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-06-24 Yoshikazu Hagiwara , Yoshitaka Hatta , Roman Pasechnik , Jian Zhou

We report on the first global analysis of transverse momentum dependent helicity distributions of the proton. The analysis is performed at next-to-leading order with the evolution factor at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-01 Ke Yang , Tianbo Liu , Peng Sun , Yuxiang Zhao , Bo-Qiang Ma

We consider evolution equations describing the scale dependence of the wave function of a baryon containing an infinitely heavy quark and a pair of light quarks at small transverse separations, which is the QCD analogue of the helium…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-10-14 V. M. Braun , S. E. Derkachov , A. N. Manashov

We revisit the problem of the small Bjorken-$x$ asymptotics of the quark and gluon orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions in the proton utilizing the revised formalism for small-$x$ helicity evolution derived recently in a paper by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-20 Brandon Manley

We revisit the problem of the small Bjorken-$x$ asymptotics of the quark and gluon orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions in the proton utilizing the revised small-$x$ helicity evolution derived recently. We relate the quark and gluon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-24 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Brandon Manley

It is well-known that the back-to-back (correlation) limit of inclusive quark-antiquark dijet production in unpolarized high energy electron-proton collisions can probe the Weizs\"{a}cker-Williams (WW) gluon transverse momentum-dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-18 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Ming Li

We apply the formalism developed earlier for studying transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) at small Bjorken $x$ to construct the small-$x$ asymptotics of the quark Sivers function. First, we explicitly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-16 Yuri V. Kovchegov , M. Gabriel Santiago

We discuss the spin structure of the proton in a light-cone treatment of the chiral quark model. Based on the fact that the quark helicity ($\Delta q$) measured in polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments is actually the quark spin…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-07-03 Xinyu Zhang , Bo-Qiang Ma

We generalize the Bartels-Ermolaev-Ryskin approach for the $g_1$ structure function at small-$x$ to determine the small-$x$ asymptotic behavior of the orbital angular momentum distributions in QCD. We present an exact analytical solution of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-09-04 Renaud Boussarie , Yoshitaka Hatta , Feng Yuan

We derive the first-ever small-$x$ expression for the inclusive gluon production cross section in the central rapidity region of the longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions. The cross section depends on the polarizations of both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-12 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Ming Li

In our previous work we established a formalism which allows one to determine the small-$x$ asymptotics of any transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution function (TMD PDF) of the proton at small values of strong coupling. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-04-03 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Matthew D. Sievert

Based on the non-linear logistic equation we study, in a qualitative and semi-quantitative way, the evolution with energy and saturation of the elastic differential cross-section in $pp(\bar{p}p)$ collisions at high energy. Geometrical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-05-21 P. Brogueira , J. Dias de Deus

We present a new global determination of the helicity-dependent parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, based on inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS) data within a consistent next-to-leading…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-20 Hamzeh Khanpour , Maryam Soleymaninia , Majid Azizi , Michael Klasen , Hadi Hashamipour , Maral Salajegheh , Ulf-G. Meißner