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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated tremendous empirical success across numerous challenging domains. However, we lack a strong theoretical understanding of the statistical complexity of RL in environments with large state spaces,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gene Li

Deep reinforcement learning is an increasingly popular technique for synthesising policies to control an agent's interaction with its environment. There is also growing interest in formally verifying that such policies are correct and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Edoardo Bacci , David Parker

We consider the problem of formally verifying almost-sure (a.s.) asymptotic stability in discrete-time nonlinear stochastic control systems. While verifying stability in deterministic control systems is extensively studied in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Mathias Lechner , Đorđe Žikelić , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger

Training a robust policy is critical for policy deployment in real-world systems or dealing with unknown dynamics mismatch in different dynamic systems. Domain Randomization~(DR) is a simple and elegant approach that trains a conservative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Kang Xu , Yan Ma , Wei Li

We propose a novel reformulation of the stochastic optimal control problem as an approximate inference problem, demonstrating, that such a interpretation leads to new practical methods for the original problem. In particular we characterise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-09-22 Konrad Rawlik , Marc Toussaint , Sethu Vijayakumar

Off-policy learning allows us to learn about possible policies of behavior from experience generated by a different behavior policy. Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms can become unstable when combined with function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Ray Jiang , Tom Zahavy , Zhongwen Xu , Adam White , Matteo Hessel , Charles Blundell , Hado van Hasselt

Practitioners often rely on compute-intensive domain randomization to ensure reinforcement learning policies trained in simulation can robustly transfer to the real world. Due to unmodeled nonlinearities in the real system, however, even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Gabriel I. Fernandez , Colin Togashi , Dennis W. Hong , Lin F. Yang

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is often advantageous to consider additional constraints on the action space to ensure safety or action relevance. Existing work on such action-constrained RL faces challenges regarding effective policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Roland Stolz , Michael Eichelbeck , Matthias Althoff

Off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) from pixel observations is notoriously unstable. As a result, many successful algorithms must combine different domain-specific practices and auxiliary losses to learn meaningful behaviors in complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Edoardo Cetin , Philip J. Ball , Steve Roberts , Oya Celiktutan

In a recent work, we proposed Reliable Policy Iteration (RPI), that restores policy iteration's monotonicity-of-value-estimates property to the function approximation setting. Here, we assess the robustness of RPI's empirical performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 S. R. Eshwar , Aniruddha Mukherjee , Kintan Saha , Krishna Agarwal , Gugan Thoppe , Aditya Gopalan , Gal Dalal

A significant portion of recent research on Large Language Model (LLM) alignment focuses on developing new policy optimization methods based on Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Two prominent directions have emerged: (i) a shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Svetlana Glazyrina , Maksim Kryzhanovskiy , Roman Ischenko

In this paper, a control scheme for stochastic predefined-time stabilization is proposed, which improves the control effect compared with stochastic finite-time or fixed-time stabilization. The stochastic predefined-time stabilization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Tianliang Zhang , Shengyuan Xu

Safe Policy Improvement (SPI) is an important technique for offline reinforcement learning in safety critical applications as it improves the behavior policy with a high probability. We classify various SPI approaches from the literature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Philipp Scholl , Felix Dietrich , Clemens Otte , Steffen Udluft

This paper addresses stochastic stabilization in case where implementation of control policies is digital, i. e., when the dynamical system is treated continuous, whereas the control actions are held constant in predefined time steps. In…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Pavel Osinenko , Grigory Yaremenko

We study safe policy improvement (SPI) for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). SPI is an offline reinforcement learning (RL) problem that assumes access to (1) historical data about an environment, and (2) the so-called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Thiago D. Simão , Marnix Suilen , Nils Jansen

Why do reinforcement learning (RL) policies fail or succeed? This is a challenging question due to the complex, high-dimensional nature of agent-environment interactions. In this work, we take a causal perspective on explaining the behavior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Armin Kekić , Jan Schneider , Dieter Büchler , Bernhard Schölkopf , Michel Besserve

In recent years significant progress has been made in dealing with challenging problems using reinforcement learning.Despite its great success, reinforcement learning still faces challenge in continuous control tasks. Conventional methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Longxiang Shi , Shijian Li , Longbing Cao , Long Yang , Gang Zheng , Gang Pan

Many sequential decision-making problems that are currently automated, such as those in manufacturing or recommender systems, operate in an environment where there is either little uncertainty, or zero risk of catastrophe. As companies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Marc Rigter

Two genres of heuristics that are frequently reported to perform much better on "real-world" instances than in the worst case are greedy algorithms and local search algorithms. In this paper, we systematically study these two types of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Vaggos Chatziafratis , Tim Roughgarden , Jan Vondrak

It is broadly known that deep neural networks are susceptible to being fooled by adversarial examples with perturbations imperceptible by humans. Various defenses have been proposed to improve adversarial robustness, among which adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Wei Wei , Jiahuan Zhou , Ying Wu