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Recent progress in Vision Language Models (VLMs) has raised the question of whether they can reliably perform nonverbal reasoning. To this end, we introduce VRIQ (Visual Reasoning IQ), a novel benchmark designed to assess and analyze the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Tina Khezresmaeilzadeh , Jike Zhong , Konstantinos Psounis

True intelligence hinges on the ability to uncover and leverage hidden causal relations. Despite significant progress in AI and computer vision (CV), there remains a lack of benchmarks for assessing models' abilities to infer latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Disheng Liu , Yiran Qiao , Wuche Liu , Yiren Lu , Yunlai Zhou , Tuo Liang , Yu Yin , Jing Ma

Analogical reasoning tests a fundamental aspect of human cognition: mapping the relation from one pair of objects to another. Existing evaluations of this ability in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) overlook the ability to compose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yongkang Du , Xiaohan Zou , Minhao Cheng , Lu Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on increasingly complex tasks that require multi-step decision-making. Understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities is therefore crucial. However, we lack a diagnostic benchmark for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu He , Yingxi Li , Colin White , Ellen Vitercik

Abductive reasoning seeks the likeliest possible explanation for partial observations. Although abduction is frequently employed in human daily reasoning, it is rarely explored in computer vision literature. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Chen Liang , Wenguan Wang , Tianfei Zhou , Yi Yang

Humans can approach complex visual problems by mentally simulating intermediate visual steps, rather than reasoning through language alone. Inspired by this, several works on Vision-Language Models have recently explored chain-of-thought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , André F. T. Martins , Matthias Lindemann

Visual representation learning is ubiquitous in various real-world applications, including visual comprehension, video understanding, multi-modal analysis, human-computer interaction, and urban computing. Due to the emergence of huge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Yang Liu , Yushen Wei , Hong Yan , Guanbin Li , Liang Lin

Visual Grounding (VG) tasks, such as referring expression detection and segmentation tasks are important for linking visual entities to context, especially in complex reasoning tasks that require detailed query interpretation. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Zhixi Cai , Fucai Ke , Simindokht Jahangard , Maria Garcia de la Banda , Reza Haffari , Peter J. Stuckey , Hamid Rezatofighi

Data visualizations are powerful tools for communicating patterns in quantitative data. Yet understanding any data visualization is no small feat -- succeeding requires jointly making sense of visual, numerical, and linguistic inputs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Arnav Verma , Kushin Mukherjee , Christopher Potts , Elisa Kreiss , Judith E. Fan

Existing visual reasoning datasets such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), often suffer from biases conditioned on the question, image or answer distributions. The recently proposed CLEVR dataset addresses these limitations and requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Ning Xie , Farley Lai , Derek Doran , Asim Kadav

A recent study has shown that large-scale visual datasets are very biased: they can be easily classified by modern neural networks. However, the concrete forms of bias among these datasets remain unclear. In this study, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Boya Zeng , Yida Yin , Zhuang Liu

Rapid progress in video models has largely focused on visual quality, leaving their reasoning capabilities underexplored. Video reasoning grounds intelligence in spatiotemporally consistent visual environments that go beyond what text can…

NLVR2 (Suhr et al., 2019) was designed to be robust for language bias through a data collection process that resulted in each natural language sentence appearing with both true and false labels. The process did not provide a similar measure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Alane Suhr , Yoav Artzi

Visual reasoning is a core component of human intelligence and a critical capability for advanced multimodal models. Yet current reasoning evaluations of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often rely on text descriptions and allow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Weiye Xu , Jiahao Wang , Weiyun Wang , Zhe Chen , Wengang Zhou , Aijun Yang , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Jinguo Zhu

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on standard medical benchmarks, yet their true clinical reasoning ability remains unclear. Existing datasets predominantly emphasize classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Miao Jing , Mengting Jia , Junling Lin , Zhongxia Shen , Huan Gao , Mingkun Xu , Shangyang Li

Visual question answering (VQA) refers to the problem where, given an image and a natural language question about the image, a correct natural language answer has to be generated. A VQA model has to demonstrate both the visual understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Raihan Kabir , Naznin Haque , Md Saiful Islam , Marium-E-Jannat

Visual understanding requires comprehending complex visual relations between objects within a scene. Here, we seek to characterize the computational demands for abstract visual reasoning. We do this by systematically assessing the ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Mohit Vaishnav , Remi Cadene , Andrea Alamia , Drew Linsley , Rufin VanRullen , Thomas Serre

With the rapid development of MLLMs, evaluating their visual capabilities has become increasingly crucial. Current benchmarks primarily fall into two main types: basic perception benchmarks, which focus on local details but lack deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Chenhui Qiang , Zhaoyang Wei , Xumeng Han , Zipeng Wang , Siyao Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Jianbin Jiao , Zhenjun Han

Large pre-trained vision and language models have demonstrated remarkable capacities for various tasks. However, solving the knowledge-based visual reasoning tasks remains challenging, which requires a model to comprehensively understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Zhenfang Chen , Qinhong Zhou , Yikang Shen , Yining Hong , Hao Zhang , Chuang Gan

Since its beginning visual recognition research has tried to capture the huge variability of the visual world in several image collections. The number of available datasets is still progressively growing together with the amount of samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-02-25 Tatiana Tommasi , Tinne Tuytelaars , Barbara Caputo