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In the classical (non-quantum) relativity theory the course of the moving clock is dilated as compared to the course of the clock at rest (the Einstein dilation). Any unstable system may be regarded as a clock. The time evolution (e.g., the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. I. Shirokov

In this work, the relativistic phenomena of Lorentz contraction and time dilation are derived using a modified distance formula appropriate for discrete space. This new distance formula is different than Pythagoras's theorem but converges…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-10 David Crouse , Joseph Skufca

A brief summary of the objections to the relational nature of inertial mass, gravitational mass and electric charge is presented. The objections are refuted by showing that the measurement process of comparing an instrument reference clock…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-06-24 Craig R. Holt

Assuming a model of aether non-entrained by the motion of celestial bodies, one can provide a rational explanation of the experimental processes affecting the measurement of time when clocks are in motion. Contrary to special relativity,…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-14 Joseph Levy

A careful study is made of the operational meaning of the time symbols appearing in the space-time Lorentz transformation. Four distinct symbols, with different physical meanings, are needed to describe reciprocal measurements involving…

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-01 J. H. Field

In this paper I argue for a reassessment of special relativity. The fundamental theory of relativity applicable in this Universe has to be consistent with the existence of the massive Universe, and with the effects of its gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. S. Unnikrishnan

In sonic models of special relativity, the fact that the sonic medium violates (ordinary) Lorentz symmetry is apparent to observers external to the sonic medium but not to a class of observers existing within the medium itself. We show that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-07 Sundance O. Bilson-Thompson , Scott L. Todd , James Read , Valentina Baccetti , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Two particularly simple ideal clocks exhibiting intrinsic circular motion with the speed of light and opposite spin alignment are described. The clocks are singled out by singularities of an inverse Legendre transformation for relativistic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-03-09 Łukasz Bratek

Entangled states of light exhibit measurable correlations between light detections at separated locations. These correlations are exploited in entangled-state quantum key distribution. To do so involves setting up and maintaining a rhythm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-27 F. Hadi Madjid , John M. Myers

Non-linear parametric resonances occur frequently in nature. Here we summarize how they can be studied by means of perturbative methods. We show in particular how resonances can affect the motion of a test particle orbiting in the vicinity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Rebusco

Special Relativity (SR) kinematics is derived from very intuitive assumptions. Contrary to standard Einstein's derivation, no light signal is used in the construction nor it is assumed to exist. Instead we postulate the existence of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Marek Pawlowski

While adhering to the formalism of Special and General Relativity, this paper considers the interpretation of clock rates and the rating of clocks in detail. We also pay particular attention to the crucial requirement of reciprocity between…

General Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Barrie Tonkinson

Communications to and from a spacecraft undertaking launch-landing interstellar travel at near light speed faces significant challenges. Photon-based communication is significantly impacted by large photon propagation delay and relativistic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-27 David Messerschmitt , Ian Morrison , Thomas Mozdzen , Philip Lubin

A fundamental description of time can be consistent not only with the usual monotonic behavior but also with a periodic physical clock variable, coupled to the degrees of freedom of a system evolving in time. Generically, one would in fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Martin Bojowald , Luiz Martinez , Garrett Wendel

Einstein's theory of general relativity states that clocks at different gravitational potentials tick at different rates - an effect known as the gravitational redshift. As fundamental probes of space and time, atomic clocks have long…

Evaluation of the additive constants in the space-time Lorentz transformation equations required, according to Einstein, to correctly describe synchronised clocks at different spatial locations, reveals the spurious and unphysical nature of…

General Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 J. H. Field

We survey the role of stable clocks in general relativity. Clock comparisons have provided important tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies metric gravity. These include tests of the isotropy of clock comparisons…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Clifford M. Will

According to general relativity, clocks are the basic measuring devices needed to probe spacetime geometry. However, it is generally accepted that the mass of clocks capable of measuring small time intervals must be bounded from below. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-02 Bruno Arderucio Costa , Yafet E. Sanchez Sanchez

The phase of matter waves depends on proper time and is therefore susceptible to special-relativistic (kinematic) and gravitational (redshift) time dilation. Hence, it is conceivable that atom interferometers measure general-relativistic…

The sensory perceptions of vision and sound may be considered as complementary doorways towards interpreting and understanding physical phenomena. We provide a few selected samples where scientific data of systems usually not directly…

Popular Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Carsten Henkel