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A scanning probe technique was used to obtain a high-resolution map of the random electrostatic potential inside the quantum Hall liquid. A sharp metal tip, scanned above a semiconductor surface, sensed charges in an embedded…
We calculate the density of states of a two dimensional electron gas located at the interface of a GaAlAs/GaAs heterojunction. The disorder potential which is generally created by a single doping layer behind a spacer, is here enhanced by…
Since the experimental realisation of the integer quantised Hall effect in a two dimensional electron system subject to strong perpendicular magnetic fields in 1980, a central question has been the interrelation between the conductance…
The local density of states (LDOS) of the adsorbate induced two-dimensional electron system (2DES) on n-InAs(110) is studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. In contrast to a similar 3DES, the 2DES LDOS exhibits 20 times…
The local density of states (LDOS) of the adsorbate induced two-dimensional electron system (2DES) on n-InAs(110) is studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The LDOS exhibits irregular structures with fluctuation lengths…
To fully appreciate the impacts that the discovery of the quantum Hall effect had on electrical metrology, it may benefit the reader to cultivate a general understanding of the phenomenon. Two-dimensional electron systems can exhibit many…
The edges of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the quantum Hall effect (QHE) regime are divided into alternating metallic and insulating strips, with their widths determined by the energy gaps of the QHE states and the electrostatic…
The quantum Hall effect is investigated in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas on the surface of a cylinder. The novel topology leads to a spatially varying filling factor along the current path. The resulting inhomogeneous…
We study the Hall constant in a homogeneous two-dimensional fluid of correlated electrons immersed in a perpendicular magnetic field, with special focus on the regime of low carrier density. The model consists of a one-band tight-binding…
Up to know all the experimental results concerning the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect are related to semiconductor heterostructures (and more recently with graphene). The common characteristic of all these systems is the…
Spectroscopy of discrete Landau levels (LLs) in bulk-insulating three-dimensional topological insulators (3D TIs) in perpendicular magnetic field characterizes the Dirac nature of their surface states. Despite a number of studies…
The two-dimensional electron system (2DES) is a unique laboratory for the physics of interacting particles. Application of a large magnetic field produces massively degenerate quantum levels known as Landau levels. Within a Landau level the…
Dynamical Hall conductivity {\sigma}_H({\omega}) of a 2D electron gas with impurities in the perpendicular magnetic field is analyzed. Plateau-like behavior at low frequencies as well as at high frequencies provided the complete filling of…
The intriguing re-entrant integer quantized Hall states recently discovered in high Landau levels of high-mobility 2D electron systems are found to exhibit extremely non-linear transport. At small currents these states reflect insulating…
Correlated electron states in high mobility two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs), including charge density waves and microemulsion phases intermediate between a Fermi liquid and Wigner crystal, are predicted to exhibit complex local…
The thermodynamic potential of an ideal nonrelativistic gas of two-dimensional electrons in crossed uniform magnetic and electric fields is constructed. For low temperatures and very weak electric fields, it is shown that the Hall…
Subsurface Charge Accumulation imaging is a cryogenic scanning probe technique that has recently been used to spatially probe incompressible strips formed in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) at high magnetic fields. In this paper,…
We calculate the single-particle states of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a perpendicular quantizing magnetic field, which is periodic in one direction of the electron layer. We discuss the modulation of the electron density in…
We study the linear Hall response of 2D ballistic system on inhomogeneous magnetic field. We establish that in classical limit the Hall conductivity response on local magnetic field is quantized in units of $\alpha_H \equiv \frac{e^3}{2…
We study quantum transport properties of two-dimensional electron gases under high perpendicular magnetic fields. For this purpose, we reformulate the high-field expansion, usually done in the operatorial language of the guiding-center…