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Related papers: Structure of the Energy-Momentum Tensor and Applic…

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The D-term is a fundamental particle property which is defined through the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor and as such in principle on equal footing with mass and spin. Yet the experimental information on the D-term of any…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-01-19 Maxim V. Polyakov , Peter Schweitzer

The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factors pave new ways for exploring hadron structure. Especially the D-term related to the EMT form factor D(t) has received a lot of attention due to its attractive physical interpretation in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-19 Matt J. Neubelt , Andrew Sampino , Jonathan Hudson , Kemal Tezgin , Peter Schweitzer

The three-dimensional spatial structure of hadrons is encoded in their form factors. Via appropriate Fourier transform, the latter describe how charge, energy, linear and angular momentum, but also pressure are distributed inside these…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-16 Cédric Lorcé

We summarize recent works on the question of the nucleon mass decomposition and the 2D relativistic distribution of pressure forces on the light front. All these mechanical properties are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-10-15 Cédric Lorcé

Form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) can be interpreted in certain frames in terms of spatial distributions of energy, stress, linear and angular momentum, based on 2D or 3D Fourier transforms. This interpretation is in general…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-27 Cédric Lorcé , Peter Schweitzer , Kemal Tezgin

The form factors of the energy-momentum tensor can be accessed via studies of generalized parton distributions in hard exclusive reactions. In this talk we present recent results on the energy-momentum tensor form factors and densities in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-30 M. J. Neubelt , A. Sampino , J. Hudson , K. Tezgin , P. Schweitzer

The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of the proton encodes fundamental information about its mass, pressure, and shear distributions. Using recent lattice QCD data for the gravitational form factors, we show that the Breit-frame Wigner EMT may…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-07 Adrian Dumitru , Jorge Noronha

We investigate the two-dimensional energy-momentum-tensor (EMT) distributions of the nucleon on the light front, using the Abel transforms of the three-dimensional EMT ones. We explicitly show that the main features of all EMT distributions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-27 June-Young Kim , Hyun-Chul Kim

Energy momentum tensor (EMT) characterizes the response of the vacuum as well as the thermal medium under the color electromagnetic fields. We define the EMT by means of the gradient flow formalism and study its spatial distribution around…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-01-04 Ryosuke Yanagihara , Masakiyo Kitazawa , Masayuki Asakawa , Tetsuo Hatsuda

Elastic electromagnetic nucleon form factors have long provided vital information about the structure and composition of these most basic elements of nuclear physics. The form factors are a measurable and physical manifestation of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Arrington , C. D. Roberts , J. M. Zanotti

The internal structure of hadrons is characterized by form factors which correspond to matrix elements of currents. Among those, the stress-energy-momentum tensor is a universally conserved quantity providing the gravitational form factors,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-30 Enrique Ruiz Arriola , Wojciech Broniowski

The proton's internal structure is characterized not only by its charge and magnetic distribution but also by its mechanical and mass properties, which are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-04 The MMGPDs Collaboration , Muhammad Goharipour , Hadi Hashamipour , H. Fatehi , Fatemeh Irani , K. Azizi , S. V. Goloskokov

We use the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) current to compute the EMT form factors of the nucleon in the framework of the light cone QCD sum rule formalism. In the calculations, we employ the most general form of the nucleon's interpolating…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-18 K. Azizi , U. Ozdem

We define the form factors of the quark and gluon symmetric energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The static EMT is related to the spatial distributions of energy, spin, pressure and shear forces. They are obtained in the form of a multipole…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-08-21 Maxim V. Polyakov , Bao-Dong Sun

We review some of the recent developments regarding mass, angular momentum and pressure forces inside hadrons. These properties are all encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system, which is described at the non-perturbative level in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Cédric Lorcé

Energy momentum tensor (EMT) expresses the interaction between the gravitation and the matter fields, in which the scattering off the graviton is a natural but infeasible probe. However, the EMT can be accessed indirectly through…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-30 Navpreet Kaur , Harleen Dahiya

The pressure-energy equations of state in the nucleon are derived from the gravitational form factors, which parameterize matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT), together with EMT conservation. There are two distinct components…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-07 Keh-Fei Liu

This paper focuses on the basic system of a field and a particle in interaction and provides a single, unified derivation of the energy-momentum tensors for both the field and the particle. This derivation contrasts with the usual approach…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Roderick Sutherland

We investigate energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factors and the spatial spin density distribution in the nucleon within a framework of the quantized Skyrme model with vector mesons. We construct both the canonical and Belinfante improved…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-02 Kenji Fukushima , Tomoya Uji

Form factors are Lorentz invariant functions describing the internal structure of a system. In particular, they encode how physical properties like, e.g., charge, energy, momentum, and pressure are spatially distributed. While nucleon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-02 Cédric Lorcé
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