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The Ring Learning-With-Errors (RLWE) problem shows great promise for post-quantum cryptography and homomorphic encryption. We describe a new attack on the non-dual search RLWE problem with small error widths, using ring homomorphisms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Hao Chen , Kristin Lauter , Katherine E. Stange

Our main result is a quantum public-key encryption scheme based on the Extrapolated Dihedral Coset problem (EDCP) which is equivalent, under quantum polynomial-time reductions, to the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem. For limited number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-28 Javad Doliskani

The shortest vector problem (SVP) over ideal lattices is closely related to the Ring-LWE problem, which is widely used to build post-quantum cryptosystems. Power-of-two cyclotomic fields are frequently adopted to instantiate Ring-LWE. Pan…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Gaohao Cui , Jianing Li , Jincheng Zhuang

The Polynomial Learning With Errors problem (PLWE) serves as the background of two of the three cryptosystems standardized in August 2024 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to replace non-quantum resistant current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Iván Blanco Chacón , Raúl Durán Díaz , Rodrigo Martín Sánchez-Ledesma

Currently deployed public-key cryptosystems will be vulnerable to attacks by full-scale quantum computers. Consequently, "quantum resistant" cryptosystems are in high demand, and lattice-based cryptosystems, based on a hard problem known as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Emily Wenger , Mingjie Chen , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

At ASIACRYPT 2018, a digital attack based on linear least squares was introduced for a variant of the learning with errors (LWE) problem which omits modular reduction known as the integer learning with errors problem (ILWE). In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kyle Yates , Antsa Pierrottet , Abdullah Al Mamun , Ryann Cartor , Mashrur Chowdhury , Shuhong Gao

We initiate the study of multi-party computation for classical functionalities (in the plain model) with security against malicious polynomial-time quantum adversaries. We observe that existing techniques readily give a polynomial-round…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-23 Amit Agarwal , James Bartusek , Vipul Goyal , Dakshita Khurana , Giulio Malavolta

The Learning-With-Errors (LWE) problem is a fundamental computational challenge with implications for post-quantum cryptography and computational learning theory. Here we propose a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm with Ising model to…

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is a hard math problem in lattice-based cryptography. In the simplest case of binary secrets, it is the subset sum problem, with error. Effective ML attacks on LWE were demonstrated in the case of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alberto Alfarano , Eshika Saxena , Emily Wenger , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

Multidimensional signals like 2-D and 3-D images or videos are inherently sensitive signals which require privacy-preserving solutions when processed in untrustworthy environments, but their efficient encrypted processing is particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa , Juan Ramón Troncoso-Pastoriza , Fernando Pérez-González

Lattice cryptography schemes based on the learning with errors (LWE) hardness assumption have been standardized by NIST for use as post-quantum cryptosystems, and by HomomorphicEncryption.org for encrypted compute on sensitive data. Thus,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Emily Wenger , Eshika Saxena , Mohamed Malhou , Ellie Thieu , Kristin Lauter

We introduce a continuous analogue of the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, which we name CLWE. We give a polynomial-time quantum reduction from worst-case lattice problems to CLWE, showing that CLWE enjoys similar hardness guarantees to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Joan Bruna , Oded Regev , Min Jae Song , Yi Tang

This paper introduces a privacy-preserving distributed learning framework via private-key homomorphic encryption. Thanks to the randomness of the quantization of gradients, our learning with error (LWE) based encryption can eliminate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Guangfeng Yan , Shanxiang Lyu , Hanxu Hou , Zhiyong Zheng , Linqi Song

In this paper, we propose an encrypted dynamic controller that executes an unlimited number of recursive homomorphic multiplications on a Ring Learning With Errors (Ring-LWE) based cryptosystem without bootstrapping. The proposed controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Yeongjun Jang , Joowon Lee , Seonhong Min , Hyesun Kwak , Junsoo Kim , Yongsoo Song

Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem used in post-quantum cryptography. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) schemes rely on the hardness of the LWE problem for their security, and two LWE-based cryptosystems were recently standardized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Cathy Yuanchen Li , Emily Wenger , Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Francois Charton , Kristin Lauter

Sparse binary LWE secrets are under consideration for standardization for Homomorphic Encryption and its applications to private computation. Known attacks on sparse binary LWE secrets include the sparse dual attack and the hybrid sparse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Niklas Nolte , Mohamed Malhou , Emily Wenger , Samuel Stevens , Cathy Li , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

We construct a strong PUF with provable security against ML attacks on both classical and quantum computers. The security is guaranteed by the cryptographic hardness of learning decryption functions of public-key cryptosystems, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Xiaodan Xi , Ge Li , Ye Wang , Yeonsoo Jeon , Michael Orshansky

Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem underlying recently standardized post-quantum cryptography (PQC) systems for key exchange and digital signatures. Prior work proposed new machine learning (ML)-based attacks on LWE problems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Samuel Stevens , Emily Wenger , Cathy Li , Niklas Nolte , Eshika Saxena , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

We present a quantum attack on ML-KEM and related 2-power cyclotomic lattice schemes. Combining with Parts I-III, we provide an algorithm and verify the resulting approximation factor satisfies $\gamma\le 21 < q/2=1664.5$ for ML-KEM-1024,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Ming-Xing Luo

This study proposes post-quantum encrypted control systems based on dynamic-key Learning with Errors (LWE) encryption schemes. The proposed method develops update maps that simultaneously update the private key and ciphertexts within the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Jungjin Park , Kiminao Kogiso