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An introductory guide to mathematical cosmology is given focusing on the issue of the genericity of various important results which have been obtained during the last thirty or so years. Some of the unsolved problems along with certain new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Spiros Cotsakis , Peter Leach

Mathematics is often perceived as difficult or inaccessible, yet meaningful engagement can arise in unexpected places. In this article we describe a multi-year exploration of mathematical outreach through games, puzzles, exhibitions, and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Hugo Parlier , Bruno Teheux

This paper presents mathematics as a general science of computation in a way different from the tradition. It is based on the radical philosophical standpoint according to which the content, meaning and justification of experience lies in…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aarno Hohti

The purpose of this note is to give an exposition of some interesting combinatorics and convex geometry concepts that appear in algebraic geometry in relation to counting the number of solutions of a system of polynomial equations in…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Kiumars Kaveh , A. G. Khovanskii

We build and investigate a pure gauge theory on arbitrary discrete groups. A systematic approach to the construction of the differential calculus is presented. We discuss the metric properties of the models and introduce the action…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Andrzej Sitarz

The world of mathematics is often considered abstract, with its symbols, concepts, and topics appearing unrelated to physical objects. However, it is important to recognize that the development of mathematics is fundamentally influenced by…

General Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Biao Wu

We describe and explain the desire, common among mathematicians, both for unity and independence in its major themes. In the dialogue that follows, we express our spontaneous and considered judgment and reservations by contrasting the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-12-10 Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek , Philip J. Davis

This article summarises a Web-book on "Complexity" that was developed to introduce undergraduate students to interesting complex systems in the biological, physical and social sciences, and the common tools, principles and concepts used for…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajesh R. Parwani

The purpose of this thesis is to study classical combinatorial objects, such as polytopes, polytopal complexes, and subspace arrangements, using tools that have been developed in combinatorial topology, especially those tools developed in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-12 Karim Alexander Adiprasito

This work in progress aims to provide a unified introduction to statistical learning, building up slowly from classical models like the GMM and HMM to modern neural networks like the VAE and diffusion models. There are today many internet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Joseph G. Makin

This is a survey of known algorithms in algebraic topology with a focus on finite simplicial complexes and, in particular, simplicial manifolds. Wherever possible an elementary approach is chosen. This way the text may also serve as a…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Joswig

These Notes deal with various areas of mathematics, and seek reciprocal combinations, explore mutual relations, ranging from abstract objects to problems in physics.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Edoardo Niccolai

This book introduces to the theory of probabilities from the beginning. Assuming that the reader possesses the normal mathematical level acquired at the end of the secondary school, we aim to equip him with a solid basis in probability…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Gane Samb Lo , Aladji Babacar Niang , Lois Chinewendu Okereke

"Mathematicians, like physicists, are pushed by a strong fascination. Research in mathematics is hard, it is intellectually painful even if it is rewarding, and you would not do it without some strong urge." [D. Ruelle]. We shall give some…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-11-30 Alena Aleksenko , Evgeny Lakshtanov

In this paper, we give the explicit bounds for the data of objects involved in some basic theorems of Singularity theory: the Inverse, Implicit and Rank Theorems for Lipschitz mappings, Splitting Lemma and Morse Lemma, the density and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-08-28 Ta Le Loi , Phan Phien

This article is a survey of recent developments in, and a tutorial on, the approach to P v. NP and related questions called Geometric Complexity Theory (GCT). It is written to be accessible to graduate students. Numerous open questions in…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-12-13 J. M. Landsberg

Many mathematicians find mathematics aesthetically beautiful and even comparable to art forms such as music or painting. On the other hand, every year a great number of school students leave mathematics with total disillusionment and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Alok Shukla

These are expanded notes for a short series of lectures, presented at the University of Luxembourg in 2017, giving an introduction to some of the ideas of supersymmetry and supergeometry. In particular, we start from some motivating facts…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Andrew James Bruce

The purpose of this sophomore-level textbook is twofold: to introduce the student to classical electrodynamics and, at the same time, explain in simple terms the quantum theory of conducting substances (in particular, the solid ones). The…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-10-29 C. J. Papachristou

This paper aims to provide a careful and self-contained introduction to the theory of topological degree in Euclidean spaces. It is intended for people mostly interested in analysis and, in general, a heavy background in algebraic or…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Pierluigi Benevieri , Massimo Furi , Maria Patrizia Pera , Marco Spadini