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In quantum field theory, the vacuum is popularly considered to be a complex medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual particles…

General Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Alexandre Deur , Stanley J. Brodsky , Craig D. Roberts , Balša Terzić

The classical nonlinear laser-plasma interaction theory is corrected. Given the effects of vacuum polarization (induced by extreme laser) as nonlinear media response, one-dimensional wave equations of a monochromatic laser field are derived…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Wenbo Chen , Zhigang Bu , Hehe Li , Yuee Luo , Peiyong Ji

We propose a new generalisation of general relativity which incorporates a variation in both the speed of light in vacuum (c) and the gravitational constant (G) and which is both covariant and Lorentz invariant. We solve the generalised…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 P. P. Avelino , C. J. A. P. Martins

We consider an external potential, $-\lambda \phi$, due to one or more nuclei. Following the Dirac picture such a potential polarizes the vacuum. The polarization density as derived in physics literature, after a well known renormalization…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Christian Hainzl

When polarized electrons traverse a region where the laser light is focused their polarization varies even if their energy and direction of motion are not changed. This effect is due to interference of the incoming electron wave and an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 G. L. Kotkin , H. Perlt , V. G. Serbo

Particle-antiparticle pairs are predicted by quantum field theory to appear as vacuum fluctuations. The model of the vacuum used here is postulated to have the following properties: To minimize the violation of conservation energy allowed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 G. B. Mainland , Bernard Mulligan

A QED-based symmetry breaking/bootstrap mechanism, appearing at sufficiently small space-time distances, is suggested as an explanation for the vacuum energy that furnished the initial impulse for Inflation, and continues on, to the present…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 H. M. Fried , Y. Gabellini

We present a quantum theory of gravity which is in agreement with observation in the relativistic domain. The theory is not relativistic, but a Galilean invariant generalization of Lorentz-Poincare ether theory to quantum gravity. If we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 I. Schmelzer

The angular dependence of the differential cross section of unpolarized light-by-light scattering summed over final polarizations is the same in any low-energy effective theory of quantum electrodynamics and also in Born-Infeld…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-25 A. Rebhan , G. Turk

In quantum field theory, the vacuum is a fluctuating medium which behaves as a nonlinear polarizable material. In this article, we perform the first rigorous derivation of the magnetic Euler-Heisenberg effective energy, a nonlinear…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Philippe Gravejat , Mathieu Lewin , Éric Séré

In this work, we investigate the magnetic properties of the quantum vacuum in the context of QED. We calculate the quantum relativistic correction of virtual particle--anti-particle pair creation to the field of a classical point-like…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-07 T. Azevedo , F. A. Barone , C. Farina , R. de Melo e Souza , G. Zarpelon

The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-07 Bertúlio de Lima Bernardo

The theory of quantum fields propagating on an isotropic cosmological quantum spacetime is reexamined by generalizing the scalar test field to an electromagnetic (EM) vector field. For any given polarization of the EM field on the classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-15 Jerzy Lewandowski , Mohammad Nouri-Zonoz , Ali Parvizi , Yaser Tavakoli

The static limit of Lorentz-violating electrodynamics in vacuum and in media is investigated. Features of the general solutions include the need for unconventional boundary conditions and the mixing of electrostatic and magnetostatic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-25 Quentin G. Bailey , Alan Kostelecky

We quantize the electromagnetic field in the presence of a nonmoving dielectric sphere in vacuum. The sphere is assumed to be lossless, dispersionless, isotropic, and homogeneous. The quantization is performed using normalized eigenmodes as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Patrick Maurer , Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero , Oriol Romero-Isart

The rotation of the polarization vector for light propagating perpendicular to an external constant external magnetic field $B$, is calculated in quantum vacuum, where it leads to different photon eigenmodes of the magnetized photon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-05-02 H. Perez Rojas , E. Rodriguez Querts

Quantum electrodynamics under conditions of distinguishability of interacting matter entities, and of controlled actions and back-actions between them, is considered. Such "mesoscopic quantum electrodynamics" is shown to share its dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 L. I. Plimak , Misha Ivanov , A. Aiello , S. Stenholm

The quantum vacuum becomes unstable under an external field, leading to spontaneous particle-antiparticle pair creation. In canonical quantization, the time-dependent particle number, defined via Bogoliubov transformations lacks physical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-11 Deepak Sah , Manoranjan P. Singh

The quantum vacuum fluctuations of a neutral scalar field induced by background zero-range potentials concentrated on a flat hyperplane of co-dimension $1$ in $(d+1)$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime are investigated. Perfectly reflecting…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-04-09 Davide Fermi

We generalize Maxwell equations which describe the vacuum of quantum electrodynamics into the quantum form. This nontraditional approach is different from the widely used theory|-Quantum Electrodynamics. From another viewpoint, it could be…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-27 Y. Chen , F. L. Zhang , J. L. Chen