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Continuous-time reinforcement learning (CTRL) provides a principled framework for sequential decision-making in environments where interactions evolve continuously over time. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Runze Zhao , Yue Yu , Adams Yiyue Zhu , Chen Yang , Dongruo Zhou

Task-oriented dialogue systems are designed to achieve specific goals while conversing with humans. In practice, they may have to handle simultaneously several domains and tasks. The dialogue manager must therefore be able to take into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Thibault Cordier , Tanguy Urvoy , Fabrice Lefèvre , Lina M. Rojas-Barahona

Moving from limited-domain natural language generation (NLG) to open domain is difficult because the number of semantic input combinations grows exponentially with the number of domains. Therefore, it is important to leverage existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Tsung-Hsien Wen , Milica Gasic , Nikola Mrksic , Lina M. Rojas-Barahona , Pei-Hao Su , David Vandyke , Steve Young

In this paper, we propose a principled deep reinforcement learning (RL) approach that is able to accelerate the convergence rate of general deep neural networks (DNNs). With our approach, a deep RL agent (synonym for optimizer in this work)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Jie Fu

We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) environment to design and benchmark control strategies aimed at reducing drag in turbulent fluid flows enclosed in a channel. The environment provides a framework for computationally-efficient,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-09 L. Guastoni , J. Rabault , P. Schlatter , H. Azizpour , R. Vinuesa

Dialogue policy learning based on reinforcement learning is difficult to be applied to real users to train dialogue agents from scratch because of the high cost. User simulators, which choose random user goals for the dialogue agent to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yangyang Zhao , Zhenyu Wang , Zhenhua Huang

Dialogue policy plays an important role in task-oriented spoken dialogue systems. It determines how to respond to users. The recently proposed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches have been used for policy optimization. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Lu Chen , Zhi Chen , Bowen Tan , Sishan Long , Milica Gasic , Kai Yu

The success of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) lies in its ability to learn a representation that is well-suited for the exploration and exploitation task. To understand how the choice of representation can improve the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Weitong Zhang , Jiafan He , Dongruo Zhou , Amy Zhang , Quanquan Gu

Reinforcement learning (RL) can enable task-oriented dialogue systems to steer the conversation towards successful task completion. In an end-to-end setting, a response can be constructed in a word-level sequential decision making process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Nurul Lubis , Christian Geishauser , Michael Heck , Hsien-chin Lin , Marco Moresi , Carel van Niekerk , Milica Gašić

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is widely used in task-oriented dialogue systems to optimize dialogue policy, but it struggles to balance exploration and exploitation due to the high dimensionality of state and action spaces. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yangyang Zhao , Ben Niu , Libo Qin , Shihan Wang

Sample efficiency is one of the most critical issues for online reinforcement learning (RL). Existing methods achieve higher sample efficiency by adopting model-based methods, Q-ensemble, or better exploration mechanisms. We, instead,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jiafei Lyu , Le Wan , Zongqing Lu , Xiu Li

A residual deep reinforcement learning (RDRL) approach is proposed by integrating DRL with model-based optimization for inverter-based volt-var control in active distribution networks when the accurate power flow model is unknown. RDRL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Qiong Liu , Ye Guo , Lirong Deng , Haotian Liu , Dongyu Li , Hongbin Sun

Off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) typically leverages replay buffers for reusing past experiences during learning. This can help improve sample efficiency when the collected data is informative and aligned with the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jiashun Liu , Johan Obando-Ceron , Pablo Samuel Castro , Aaron Courville , Ling Pan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm in which the agent learns from its environment through trial and error. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms represent the agent's policies using neural networks, making their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jasmina Gajcin , Jovan Jeromela , Ivana Dusparic

This paper is the first attempt to learn the policy of an inquiry dialog system (IDS) by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Most IDS frameworks represent dialog states and dialog acts with logical formulae. In order to make learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Takuya Hiraoka , Masaaki Tsuchida , Yotaro Watanabe

Speaker-independent speech separation has achieved remarkable performance in recent years with the development of deep neural network (DNN). Various network architectures, from traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-17 Xue Yang , Changchun Bao

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has significantly advanced the field of combinatorial optimization (CO). However, its practicality is hindered by the necessity for a large number of reward evaluations, especially in scenarios involving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Hyeonah Kim , Minsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

Learning to evaluate and improve policies is a core problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Traditional RL algorithms learn a value function defined for a single policy. A recently explored competitive alternative is to learn a single value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Francesco Faccio , Aditya Ramesh , Vincent Herrmann , Jean Harb , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We study constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) from a novel perspective by setting constraints directly on state density functions, rather than the value functions considered by previous works. State density has a clear physical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Zengyi Qin , Yuxiao Chen , Chuchu Fan

Real-world decision-making tasks are usually partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), where the state is not fully observable. Recent progress has demonstrated that recurrent reinforcement learning (RL), which consists of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Fan-Ming Luo , Zuolin Tu , Zefang Huang , Yang Yu