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Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are astronomical phenomena detected at highest energies. The gamma ray photons carry energies on the order of mega-electronovolts and arrive to us from the point-like sources that are uniformly distributed on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-21 A. Janiuk , B. James , K. Sapountzis

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are extra-galactic and extremely energetic transient emissions of gamma rays, which are thought to be associated with the death of massive stars or the merger of compact objects in binary systems. Their huge…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-20 F. Piron

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of gamma-rays coming from the cosmos. They occur roughly once per day, last typically 10s of seconds and are the most luminous events in the universe. More than three decades after their discovery,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-09-03 Neil Gehrels , Peter Meszaros

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous electromagnetic explosions in the Universe, which emit up to $8.8\times10^{54}$ erg isotropic equivalent energy in the hard X-ray band. The high luminosity makes them detectable out to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 F. Y. Wang , Z. G. Dai , E. W. Liang

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions known, capable of outshining the rest of gamma-ray sky during their short-lived prompt emission. Their cosmological nature makes them the best tool to explore the final stages in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-20 A. Cucchiara , T. Totani , N. R. Tanvir

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are unique probes of the cosmic star formation history and the state of the intergalactic medium up to the redshifts of the first stars. In particular, the ongoing {\it Swift} mission might be the first observatory…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Volker Bromm , Abraham Loeb

Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense pulses of $\gamma$-rays arriving from random directions in the sky. Several years ago Amelino-Camelia et al. pointed out that a comparison of time of arrival of photons at different energies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Tsvi Piran

Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the brightest electromagnetic explosions in the Universe, associated to the death of massive stars. As such, GRBs are potential tracers of the evolution of the cosmic massive star formation, metallicity, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-01 V. Avila-Reese , C. Firmani , G. Ghisellini , J. I. Cabrera

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are unpredictable and brief flashes of gamma rays that occur about once a day in random locations in the sky. Since gamma rays do not penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, they are detected by satellites, which…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 A. Gomboc

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense flashes at the cosmological distances, which are the most luminous explosions in the Universe. The high luminosities of GRBs make them detectable out to the edge of the visible universe. So,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-17 Patrick Petitjean , F. Y. Wang , X. F. Wu , J. J. Wei

With its rapid-response capability and multiwavelength complement of instruments, the Swift satellite has transformed our physical understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Providing high-quality observations of hundreds of bursts, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 N. Gehrels , E. Ramirez-Ruiz , D. B. Fox

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most violent occurrences in the universe. They are powerful explosions, visible to high redshift, and thought to be the signature of black hole birth. They are highly luminous events and provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-02-04 Neil Gehrels , Soebur Razzaque

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are among the most powerful sources in the Universe: they emit up to 10^54 erg in the hard X-ray band in few tens of seconds. The cosmological origin of GRBs has been confirmed by several spectroscopic measurements…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-19 G. Ghirlanda , G. Ghisellini , C. Firmani

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic events in the universe, offering insights into stellar collapse, extreme matter behavior, and cosmic evolution. The advent of multi-messenger astronomy, combining electromagnetic,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-13 Nicolas De Angelis

Cosmic gamma-ray bursts are one of the great frontiers of astrophysics today. They are a playground of relativists and observers alike. They may teach us about the death of stars and the birth of black holes, the physics in extreme…

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful cosmic explosions since the Big Bang, and thus act as signposts throughout the distant Universe. Over the last 2 decades, these ultra-luminous cosmological explosions have been transformed from…

The unrivalled, extreme luminosities of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) make them the favored beacons for sampling the high redshift Universe. To employ GRBs to study the cosmic terrain -- e.g., star and galaxy formation history -- GRB luminosities…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. P. Norris

After seven years of science operation, the Fermi mission has brought great advances in the study of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). Over 1600 GRBs have been detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, and more than 100 of these are also detected by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-19 Elisabetta Bissaldi , Francesco Longo , Nicola Omodei , Giacomo Vianello , Andreas von Kienlin

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been an enigma since their discovery forty years ago. However, considerable progress unraveling their mysteries has been made in recent years. Developments in observations, theory, and instrumentation have…

The redshift where the first stars formed is an important and unknown milestone in cosmological structure formation. The evidence linking gamma ray bursts (GRBs) with star formation activity implies that the first GRBs occurred shortly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 James E. Rhoads
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