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Light plays the central role in many applications. The key to unlocking its versatility lies in shaping it into the most appropriate form for the task at hand. Specifically tailored refractive index modifications, directly manufactured…

A powerful fabrication strategy based on three-dimensional direct laser writing for the rapid prototyping of opto-mechanical components with critical features ranging from several hundred nm to a few mm is demonstrated here. As an example,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-01-10 Y. Li , S. Park , M. McLamb , M. Lata , D. Childers , T. Hofmann

Nonlinear optics is crucial for shaping the spatial structure of shortwave light and its interactions with matter, but achieving this through simple harmonic generation with a single pump is challenging. This study demonstrates nonlinear…

Optics · Physics 2025-06-23 Ting-Ting Liu , Shi-Hui Ding , Chun-Yu Li , Hui Liu , Zhi-Han Zhu , Peng Chen , Yan-Qing Lu

Third harmonic generation microscopy has been used to analyze the morphology of photonic structures created using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. Three dimensional waveguide arrays and waveguide-Bragg gratings written in…

The use of femtosecond lasers to introduce controlled stress states has recently been demonstrated in silica glass. We use this technique, in combination with chemical etching, to generate and control stress-induced birefringence over a…

Optics · Physics 2016-12-21 Ben McMillen , Christos Athanasiou , Yves Bellouard

Infrared optical photonic crystals fabricated using direct laser writing, which is based on the two-photon polymerization of suitable monomers, have received substantial interest since the emergence of this process. Two-photon…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Marc Lata , Yanzeng Li , Serang Park , Micheal McLamb , Tino Hofmann

Artificially engineered geometric phase optical elements may have tunable photonic functionalities owing to sensitivity to external fields, as is the case for liquid crystals based devices. However, a liquid crystal technology combining…

Optics · Physics 2018-07-25 Etienne Brasselet

Optical technologies call for waveguide networks featuring high integration densities, low losses, and simple operation. Here, we present polymer waveguides fabricated from a negative tone photoresist via two-photon-lithography in direct…

Currently, direct-write waveguide fabrication is probably the most widely studied application of femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent dielectrics. Devices such as buried waveguides, power splitters, couplers, gratings and optical…

Nanostructuring hard optical crystals has so far been exclusively feasible at their surface, as stress induced crack formation and propagation has rendered high precision volume processes ineffective. We show that the inner chemical etching…

Femtosecond laser writing is a powerful technique that allows rapid and cost-effective fabrication of photonic integrated circuits with unique three-dimensional geometries. In particular, the possibility to reconfigure such devices by…

We propose single-step additive fabrication of graded-index optical elements by introducing the light exposure as the additional dimension to three-dimensional (3D) laser writing, hence (3+1)D writing. We use a commercial printer and…

Direct laser writing method is a promising technique for the large-scale and cost-effective fabrication of periodic nanostructure arrays exciting hybrid lattice plasmons. This type of electromagnetic mode manifests a narrow and deep…

Multi-plane light converters (MPLCs) are an emerging 3D beam shaping technology capable of deterministically mapping a basis of input spatial light modes to a new basis of output modes. The ability to perform such spatial reformatting…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-10 Unė G. Būtaitė , Martynas Beresna , David B. Phillips

3D printing allows rapid fabrication of complex objects from digital designs. One 3D-printing process, direct laser writing, polymerises a light-sensitive material by steering a focused laser beam through the shape of the object to be…

We report on the experimental realization of an optical analogue of a quantum geometric potential for light wave packets constrained on thin dielectric guiding layers fabricated in silica by the femtosecond laser writing technology. We…

Three dimensional (3D) fast (< 0.5 hour) printing of micro-optical elements down to sub-wavelength resolution over 100 micrometers footprint areas using femtosecond (fs-)laser oscillator is presented. Using sub-1 nJ pulse energies, optical…

In the present article we substantially expand on our recent study about the fabrication of mesoscale polymeric templates of disordered photonic network materials. We present a detailed analysis and discussion of important technical aspects…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-03 Jakub Haberku , Nicolas Muller , Frank Scheffold

In optical devices like diffraction gratings and Fresnel lenses, light wavefront is engineered through the structuring of device surface morphology, within thicknesses comparable to the light wavelength. Fabrication of such diffractive…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-28 S. L. Oscurato , F. Reda , M. Salvatore , F. Borbone , P. Maddalena , A. Ambrosio

We present the development and experimental implementation of diffractive optical elements designed to generate optical vortices in the deep ultraviolet range (from 260 to 266 nm). These elements, fabricated using advanced lithographic and…

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