Related papers: Photoionization models of Planetary Nebulae
We present a new modeling tool for planetary nebulae, based on 3D photoionization calculations. Our goal is to show that all the information provided by observations, regarding kinematics and morphology, have to be consistently accounted…
We have constructed photo-ionization models of five galactic bulge planetary nebulae using our automatic method which enables a fully self-consistent determination of the physical parameters of a planetary nebula. The models are constrained…
Photoionization models obtained with numerical codes are widely used to study the physics of the interstellar medium (Planetary Nebulae, H II regions, etc). Grid of models are performed to understand what are the effects of the different…
Since various structural components of planetary nebulae manifest themselves differently, a combination of optical, infrared, submm, and radio techniques is needed to derive a complete picture of planetary nebulae. The effects of projection…
We describe a pseudo-3D photoionization code, NEBU_3D and its associated visualization tool, VIS_NEB3D, which are able to easily and rapidly treat a wide variety of nebular geometries, by combining models obtained with a 1D photoionization…
Planetary nebulae (and in general any photoionized region) can be classified as ionization-bounded or density-bounded. It is important to determine in which case is the planetary nebula studied to be able to estimate from nebular…
This paper - the first of a short series dedicated to the long-stan ding astronomical problem of de-projecting the bi-dimensional apparent morpholog y of a three-dimensional mass of gas - focuses on the density distribution in real…
We review the evolution of our understanding of the planetary nebulae phenomenon and their place in the scheme of stellar evolution. The historical steps leading to our current understanding of central star evolution and nebular formation…
The study of photoionised gas in planetary nebulae (PNe) has played a major role achieving, over the years, a better understanding of a number of physical processes pertinent to a broader range of fields than just PNe studies, ranging from…
We study the density structures of planetary nebulae implied by four diagnostics that sample different regions within the nebulae: [S II] $\lambda6716/\lambda6731$, [O II] $\lambda3726/\lambda3729$, [Cl III] $\lambda5518/\lambda5538$, and…
The study of photoionised gas in planetary nebulae (PNe) has played a major role in the achievement, over the years, of a better understanding of a number of physical processes, pertinent to a broader range of fields than that of PNe…
This chapter presents a review on the latest advances in the computation of physical conditions and chemical abundances of elements present in photoionized gas H II regions and planetary nebulae). The arrival of highly sensitive…
Recent advances in the 3-D reconstruction of planetary nebulae are reviewed. We include not only results for 3-D reconstructions, but also the current techniques in terms of general methods and software. In order to obtain more accurate…
This paper describes how commercially available spectrographs can be used to identify and measure some basic characteristics of planetary nebulae.
The status of numerical hydrodynamical models for Planetary Nebulae is reviewed. Since all of the numerical work is based on the interacting winds model, we start with a description of this model and give an overview of the early analytical…
We present literature on abundance determinations in planetary nebulae (PN) as well as public tools that can be used to derive them. Concerning direct methods to derive abundances we discuss in some depth such issues as reddening…
Planetary nebulae (PNe) have diverse morphological shapes, including point-symmetric and multipolar structures. Many PNe also have complicated internal structures such as torus, lobes, knots, and ansae. A complete accounting of all the…
It is well-known that photoionization is the major mechanism powering nebulae emission-lines. For about 30 years, numerical simulations using photoionization codes have been employed to analyze HII regions, planetary nebulae and active…
The image of planetary nebulae is made by three different physical processes. The first process is the expansion of the shell that can be modeled by the canonical laws of motion in the spherical case and by the momentum conservation when…
Planetary nebulae (PNe) can be roughly categorized into several broad morphological classes. The high quality images of PNe acquired in recent years, however, have revealed a wealth of fine structures that preclude simplistic models for…