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Related papers: Towards a second law for Lovelock theories

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The first and second laws of black hole thermodynamics are verified to emerge from a generic semiclassical theory of gravity for which a Hamiltonian can be defined. The first law is established for stationary spacetimes, and the second law…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-07 Bruno Arderucio-Costa

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

The Second Law of black hole thermodynamics is shown to hold for arbitrarily complicated theories of higher curvature gravity, so long as we allow only linearized perturbations to stationary black holes. Some ambiguities in Wald's Noether…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-25 Aron C. Wall

The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-16 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

In black hole physics, the second law of thermodynamics is generally valid whether the black hole is a static or a non-static one. Considering the universe as a thermodynamical system the second law of black hole dynamics extends to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Subenoy Chakraborty , Nairwita Mazumder , Ritabrata Biswas

The laws of mechanics of stationary black holes bear a close resemblance with the laws of thermodynamics. This is not only a mathematical analogy but also a physical one that helps us answer deep questions related to the thermodynamic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-07-26 Diptarka Das

We consider a general, classical theory of gravity in $n$ dimensions, arising from a diffeomorphism invariant Lagrangian. In any such theory, to each vector field, $\xi^a$, on spacetime one can associate a local symmetry and, hence, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Robert M. Wald

Einstein gravities in general dimensions coupled to a cosmological constant and extended with quadratic curvature invariants admit a variety of black holes that may asymptote to Minkowski, anti-de Sitter or Lifshitz spacetimes. We adopt the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-11 Zhong-Ying Fan , H. Lu

Recently Hollands, Wald and Zhang proposed a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole for an arbitrary theory of gravity obtained from a diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian via the Noether charge method. We present an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-07 Delong Kong , Yu Tian , Hongbao Zhang , Jinan Zhao

We study the classical second law of black hole thermodynamics, for Lovelock theories (other than General Relativity), in arbitrary dimensions. Using the standard formula for black hole entropy, we construct scenarios involving the merger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-06 Sudipta Sarkar , Aron C. Wall

If simple entropy in the Bekenstein-Hawking area law for a Schwarzschild black hole is replaced with 'negative' quantum conditional entropy, which quantifies quantum entanglement, of positive-energy particles of the black hole relative to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-04 Koji Azuma , Go Kato

We propose a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole$-$valid to leading order for perturbations off of a stationary black hole background$-$in an arbitrary classical diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian theory of gravity in $n$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-02 Stefan Hollands , Robert M. Wald , Victor G. Zhang

We consider two non-statistical definitions of entropy for dynamic (non-stationary) black holes in spherical symmetry. The first is analogous to the original Clausius definition of thermodynamic entropy: there is a first law containing an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-12 Sean A. Hayward , Shinji Mukohyama , M. C. Ashworth

The first law of black hole mechanics has been the main motivation for investigating thermodynamic properties of black holes. The first version of this law was proved in \cite{Bardeen:1973gs} by considering perturbations of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-09 Lorenzo Rossi

We construct a proof of the second law of thermodynamics in an arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity working within the approximation of linearized dynamical fluctuations around stationary black holes. We achieve this by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Prateksh Dhivakar , Anirban Dinda , Nilay Kundu , Milan Patra , Shuvayu Roy

Although the entropy of black holes in any diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity can be expressed as the Wald entropy, the issue of whether the entropy always obeys the second law of black hole thermodynamics remains open. Since the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-15 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

We extend an earlier investigation of the thermodynamics of static black holes in an Einstein-Horndeski theory of gravity coupled to a scalar field, by including now an elec- tromagnetic field as well. By studying the two-parameter families…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Xing-Hui Feng , Hai-Shan Liu , H. Lü , C. N. Pope

We investigate the second law of black hole mechanics in gravitational theories with higher derivative terms in the action. Wall has described a method for defining an entropy that satisfies the second law to linear order in perturbations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-29 Stefan Hollands , Áron D. Kovács , Harvey S. Reall

After considering the quantum corrections of Einstein-Maxwell theory, the effective theory will contain some higher-curvature terms and nonminimally coupled electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we study the first law of black holes in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-05 Jie Jiang , Aofei Sang , Ming Zhang

The first law of black hole thermodynamics is suitable for any diffeomorphism invariant gravity, and the entropy in the first law is the Wald entropy which is highly dependent on the non-minimal coupling interactions in the theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-09 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang
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