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Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

With quantum devices rapidly approaching qualities and scales needed for fault tolerance, the validity of simplified error models underpinning the study of quantum error correction needs to be experimentally evaluated. In this work, we have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Spiro Gicev , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Muhammad Usman

The performance of a quantum error-correction process is determined by the likelihood that a random configuration of errors introduced to the system will lead to the corruption of encoded logical information. In this work we compare two…

Probabilistic error cancellation is a quantum error mitigation technique capable of producing unbiased computation results but requires an accurate error model. Constructing this model involves estimating a set of parameters, which, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Haipeng Xie , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Kento Tsubouchi , Ying Li

Quantum error correction is essential for reliable quantum computation, where surface codes demonstrate high fault-tolerant thresholds and hardware efficiency. However, noise in single-shot measurements limits logical readout fidelity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Xiao-Yue Xu , Chen Ding , Wan-Su Bao

We analyse a generalised quantum error correction code against photon loss where a logical qubit is encoded into a subspace of a single oscillator mode that is spanned by distinct multi-component cat states (coherent-state superpositions).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-26 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

Lowering the resource overhead needed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation is crucial to building scalable quantum computers. We show that adapting conventional maximum likelihood (ML) decoders to a small subset of efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Pavithran Iyer , Aditya Jain , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson

To perform reliable quantum computation, quantum error correction is indispensable. In certain cases, continuous covariance symmetry of the physical system can make exact error correction impossible. In this work we study the approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Hao Dai

We study the performance of common quantum stabilizer codes in the presence of asymmetric and correlated errors. Specifically, we consider the depolarizing noisy quantum memory channel and perform quantum error correction via the five and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Carlo Cafaro , Stefano Mancini

Large-scale quantum computers rely on quantum error correction to protect the fragile quantum information. Among the possible candidates of quantum computing devices, silicon-based spin qubits hold a great promise due to their compatibility…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Kenta Takeda , Akito Noiri , Takashi Nakajima , Takashi Kobayashi , Seigo Tarucha

Mapping quantum error correcting codes to classical disordered statistical mechanics models and studying the phase diagram of the latter has proven a powerful tool to study the fundamental error robustness and associated critical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Davide Vodola , Manuel Rispler , Seyong Kim , Markus Müller

In quantum error correction using imperfect primitives, errors of high weight arising from a few faults are major concerns since they might not be correctable by the quantum error correcting code. Fortunately, some errors of different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Debbie Leung

The noise in physical qubits is fundamentally asymmetric: in most devices, phase errors are much more probable than bit flips. We propose a quantum error correcting code which takes advantage of this asymmetry and shows good performance at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Lev Ioffe , Marc Mezard

The codespace of a quantum error-correcting code can often be identified with the degenerate ground-space within a gapped phase of quantum matter. We argue that the stability of such a phase is directly related to a set of coherent error…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-02-26 Ali Lavasani , Sagar Vijay

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman

Realizing the potential of quantum computing will require achieving sufficiently low logical error rates. Many applications call for error rates in the $10^{-15}$ regime, but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Zijun Chen , Kevin J. Satzinger , Juan Atalaya , Alexander N. Korotkov , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Sank , Chris Quintana , Matt McEwen , Rami Barends , Paul V. Klimov , Sabrina Hong , Cody Jones , Andre Petukhov , Dvir Kafri , Sean Demura , Brian Burkett , Craig Gidney , Austin G. Fowler , Harald Putterman , Igor Aleiner , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexandre Bourassa , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Alan R. Derk , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Brooks Foxen , Marissa Giustina , Jonathan A. Gross , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Trent Huang , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Seon Kim , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Josh Mutus , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Bálint Pató , Nicholas Redd , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Vladimir Shvarts , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Yu Chen , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly

A quantum error correction (QEC) code uses $N_{\rm c}$ quantum bits to construct one "logical" quantum bits of better quality than the original "physical" ones. QEC theory predicts that the failure probability $p_L$ of logical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-15 Xavier Waintal

Quantum measurement has conventionally been regarded as the final step in quantum information processing, which is essential for reading out the processed information but collapses the quantum state into a classical state. However, recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Dongjin Lee , Beni Yoshida

Concatenated coding provides a general strategy to achieve the desired level of noise protection in quantum information storage and transmission. We report the implementation of a concatenated quantum error-correcting code able to correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nicolas Boulant , Lorenza Viola , Evan M. Fortunato , David G. Cory

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto