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This paper provides full sky maps of foreground emission in all WMAP channels, with very low residual contamination from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies and controlled level of instrumental noise. Foreground maps are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-25 Tuhin Ghosh , Jacques Delabrouille , Mathieu Remazeilles , Jean-Francois Cardoso , Tarun Souradeep

The Internal Linear Combination (ILC) method is commonly employed to extract the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal from multi-frequency observation maps. However, the performance of the ILC method tends to degrade when the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-31 Zirui Zhang , Yang Liu , Si-Yu Li , Haifeng Li , Hong Li

AIMS: The separation of foreground contamination from cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations is one of the most challenging and important problem of digital signal processing in Cosmology. In literature, various techniques have been…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 R. Vio , P. Andreani

We present a novel technique for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) foreground subtraction based on the framework of blind source separation. Inspired by previous work incorporating local variation to Generalized Morphological Component…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-28 Sebastian Wagner-Carena , Max Hopkins , Ana Diaz Rivero , Cora Dvorkin

We extend the ILC method in harmonic space to include the error in its CMB estimate. This allows parameter estimation routines to take into account the effect of the foregrounds as well as the errors in their subtraction in conjunction with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-23 Jason Dick , Guillaume Castex , Jacques Delabrouille

Mapping the distribution of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) in the Universe through its 21 cm emission line provides a powerful cosmological probe to map the large-scale structures and shed light on various cosmological phenomena. The Baryon…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-20 Albin Joseph , Rajib Saha

Galactic foregrounds are the main obstacle to observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$-mode polarization. In addition to obscuring the inflationary $B$-mode signal by several orders of magnitude, Galactic foregrounds have…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Mathieu Remazeilles , Aditya Rotti , Jens Chluba

The internal linear combination (ILC) method is a popular approach for constructing component-separated maps in cosmic microwave background (CMB) analyses. It optimally combines observed maps at different frequencies to produce an unbiased…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-05 Kristen M. Surrao , J. Colin Hill

In this article, we describe a new estimate of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) intensity map reconstructed by a joint analysis of the full Planck 2015 data (PR2) and WMAP nine-years. It provides more than a mere update of the CMB map…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 J. Bobin , F. Sureau , J-L Starck

The method of weighted addition of multi-frequency maps, more commonly referred to as {\it Internal Linear Combination} (ILC), has been extensively employed in the measurement of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-28 Aditya Rotti , Jens Chluba

We present a novel method for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) foreground removal based on deep learning techniques. This method employs a Transformer model, referred to as \texttt{TCMB}, which is specifically designed to effectively…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-09 Ye-Peng Yan , Si-Yu Li , Yang Liu , Jun-Qing Xia , Hong Li

Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) observations are unavoidably contaminated by emission from various extra-galactic foregrounds, which must be removed to obtain reliable measurements of the cosmological signal. In this paper, we…

High fidelity separation of astrophysical foreground contributions from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal has been recognized as one of the main challenges of modern CMB data analysis, and one which needs to be addressed in a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-19 Magdy Morshed , Arianna Rizzieri , Clément Leloup , Josquin Errard , Radek Stompor

One of the main goals of most future CMB experiments is the precise measurement of CMB B-mode polarization, whose major obstacle is the Galactic foregrounds. In this paper, we evaluate the foreground cleaning performance of the variants of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-24 Jiazheng Dou , Shamik Ghosh , Larissa Santos , Wen Zhao

Current and future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments aim to achieve high-precision reconstruction of the CMB polarization signal, with the most ambitious objective being the detection of primordial $B$ modes sourced by cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Alessandro Carones

In order to extract cosmological information from observations of the millimeter and submillimeter sky, foreground components must first be removed to produce an estimate of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We developed a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-10 Matthew A. Petroff , Graeme E. Addison , Charles L. Bennett , Janet L. Weiland

We extend the internal template foreground removal method by accounting for spatially varying spectral parameters such as the spectral indices of synchrotron and dust emission and the dust temperature. As the previous algorithm had to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-04 Kiyotomo Ichiki , Hiroaki Kanai , Nobuhiko Katayama , Eiichiro Komatsu

Cosmic birefringence, arising from a potential parity-violating interaction between cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons and evolving pseudo-scalar fields such as axion-like particles, can rotate the CMB polarization plane and induce…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-27 Mathieu Remazeilles

The analysis of current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments is based on the interpretation of multi-frequency sky maps in terms of different astrophysical components and it requires specifically tailored component separation…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 G. Hurier , J. F. Macias-Perez , S. R. Hildebrandt

Analysis of microwave sky signals, such as the cosmic microwave background, often requires component separation with multi-frequency methods, where different signals are isolated by their frequency behaviors. Many so-called "blind" methods,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-02 Fiona McCarthy , J. Colin Hill , William R. Coulton , David W. Hogg