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Vertically banded zonal jets are frequently observed in weakly or non-rotating stratified turbulence, with the quasi-biennial oscillation in the equatorial stratosphere and the ocean's equatorial deep jets being two examples. Explaining the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-12-26 Joseph G Fitzgerald , Brian F Farrell

Moist stratified turbulence is studied in a two-dimensional Boussinesq system influenced by condensation and evaporation. The problem is set in a periodic domain and employs simple evaporation and condensation schemes, wherein both the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jai Sukhatme , Andrew J. Majda , Leslie M. Smith

This paper describes a study of the self-sustaining process in wall-turbulence based on a second order statistical state dynamics (SSD) model of Couette flow. SSD models with this form are referred to as S3T models and self-sustain…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-08-28 Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

The perspective of statistical state dynamics (SSD) has recently been applied to the study of mechanisms underlying turbulence in various physical systems. An example implementation of SSD is the second order closure referred to as…

This paper reviews results from the study of wall-bounded turbulent flows using statistical state dynamics (SSD) that demonstrate the benefits of adopting this perspective for understanding turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows. The SSD…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-02-10 Brian F. Farrell , Dennice F. Gayme , Petros J. Ioannou

Although the roll/streak structure is ubiquitous in pre-transitional wall-bounded shear flow, this structure is linearly stable if the idealization of laminar flow is made. Lacking an instability, the large transient growth of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-04-05 Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou , Marios-Andreas Nikolaidis

The roll streak structure (RSS) is ubiquitous in shear flow turbulence and is fundamental to the dynamics of the self-sustaining process (SSP) maintaining the turbulent state. The formation and maintenance of the RSS in wall-bounded shear…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-23 Eojin Kim , Brian F. Farrell

Traditionally, single realizations of the turbulent state have been the object of study in shear flow turbulence. When a statistical quantity was needed it was obtained from a spatial, temporal or ensemble average of sample realizations of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-27 Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

The streamwise roll and streak structure (RSS) is prominent in observations of the planetary boundary layer in the atmosphere and ocean and in unstratified wall-bounded shear flows. Although the RSS in these systems is structurally similar,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-16 Eojin Kim , Brian F. Farrell

Stochastic Structural Stability Theory (S3T) provides analytical methods for understanding the emergence and equilibration of jets from the turbulence in planetary atmospheres based on the dynamics of the statistical mean state of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-03-20 Navid C. Constantinou , Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

This thesis presents a newly developed theory for the formation and maintenance of eddy-driven jets in planetary turbulence. The novelty is that jet formation and maintenance is studied as a dynamics of the statistics of the flow rather…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Navid C. Constantinou

Stochastic Structural Stability Theory (SSST) provides an autonomous, deterministic, nonlinear dynamical system for evolving the statistical mean state of a turbulent system. In this work SSST is applied to the problem of understanding the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-12-30 Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

Jets coexist with planetary scale waves in the turbulence of planetary atmospheres. The coherent component of these structures arises from cooperative interaction between the coherent structures and the incoherent small-scale turbulence in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 Navid C. Constantinou , Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

Zonal jets (ZJ) are prominent coherent structures that spontaneously emerge from the background turbulent state in both stellar and planetary atmospheres. Although formation and maintenance of coherent jets from small scale hydrodynamic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-10 Eojin Kim , Brian F. Farrell

S3T (Stochastic Structural Stability Theory) employs a closure at second order to obtain the dynamics of the statistical mean turbulent state. When S3T is implemented as a coupled set of equations for the streamwise mean and perturbation…

Geophysical turbulence is observed to self-organize into large-scale flows such as zonal jets and coherent vortices. Previous studies on barotropic beta-plane turbulence have shown that coherent flows emerge out of a background of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-06-15 Nikolaos A. Bakas , Petros J. Ioannou

Turbulence in wall-bounded flows is characterized by stable statistics. Although, in many turbulent systems, this stable statistical state corresponds to a stable fixed point of an associated statistical state dynamics (SSD) closed at…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-12-14 Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

A multiscale reduced description of turbulent free shear flows in the presence of strong stabilizing density stratification is derived via asymptotic analysis of the Boussinesq equations in the simultaneous limits of small Froude and large…

Wide channel Couette (WCC) turbulence is striking in being dominated by a large-scale spanwise periodic structure composed of streamwise streaks and associated roll superstructures. This apparent equilibrium is shown in this work to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-06 Brian F. Farrell , Petros J. Ioannou

Zonal jets in a barotropic setup emerge out of homogeneous turbulence through a flow-forming instability of the homogeneous turbulent state (`zonostrophic instability') which occurs as the turbulence intensity increases. This has been…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-03-21 Nikolaos A. Bakas , Navid C. Constantinou , Petros J. Ioannou
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