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We suggest that the randomness of the choices of measurement basis by Alice and Bob provides an additional important resource for quantum cryptography. As a specific application, we present a novel protocol for quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Hannes R. Böhm , Paul S. Böhm , Markus Aspelmeyer , Časlav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically offers information-theoretic security. The prevailing approach is the prepare-and-measure BB84 protocol, which implements QKD using conventional laser rather than single-photon source via the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Rong-Zheng Liu , Hua-Lei Yin

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent practical need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditionally secure key generation between two distant parties by wisely exploiting properties of quantum mechanics. In QKD, experimental measurements on quantum states are transformed to a secret…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-03 Xiongfeng Ma , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Jean-Christian Boileau , H. F. Chau

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) provides the strongest form of secure key exchange, using only the input-output statistics of the devices to achieve information-theoretic security. Although the basic security principles…

Within the broad research scenario of quantum secure communication, Two-Way Quantum Key Distribution (TWQKD) is a relatively new proposal for sharing secret keys that is not fully explored yet. We analyse the security of TWQKD schemes that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-18 C. Ivan Henao , Roberto M. Serra

We provide an analysis of a new family of device independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with several novel features: (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 Ramij Rahaman , Matthew G. Parker , Piotr Mironowicz , Marcin Pawłowski

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI QKD) protocol can reduce the requirement on the alignment of reference frames in practical systems. However, comparing with the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) QKD protocol, the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Hongwei Liu , Jipeng Wang , Haiqiang Ma , Shihai Sun

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows Alice and Bob to share a secret key over an insecure channel with proven information-theoretic security against an adversary whose strategy is bounded only by the laws of physics. Composability-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kunal Dey , Reihaneh Safavi-Naini

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Recently, Boyer et al. presented a novel semiquantum key distribution protocol [M. Boyer, D. Kenigsberg, and T. Mor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 140501 (2007)], by using four quantum states, each of which is randomly prepared by Z basis or X…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Jian Wang , Sheng Zhang , Quan Zhang , Chao-Jing Tang

This paper proposes the first mediated semi-quantum key distribution in randomization-based environment with an untrusted third party(TP) who has the complete quantum capabilities to help two classical users to establish a secure key. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-12 Yen-Jie chen , Tzonelih Hwang , Chia-Wei Tsai

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Sirui Peng , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

Recently some alternatives of the measurement device independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) based on the single-photon Bell state measurement (SBSM) have been proposed. Although these alternatives are not precisely as secure as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 Wen-Ye Liang , Mo Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Xue-Bi An , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

This paper introduces a novel entanglement-based QKD protocol, that makes use of a modified symmetric version of the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, in order to achieve a secure and efficient key distribution. Two variants of the protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Michael Ampatzis , Theodore Andronikos

Shor and Preskill have provided a simple proof of security of the standard quantum key distribution scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) by demonstrating a connection between key distribution and entanglement purification protocols with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an information-theoretic way of securely exchanging secret keys, and typically relies on pre-shared keys or public keys for message authentication. To lift the requirement of pre-shared or public…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Wen Yu Kon , Ignatius William Primaatmaja , Kaushik Chakraborty , Charles Lim

Key establishment is a crucial primitive for building secure channels: in a multi-party setting, it allows two parties using only public authenticated communication to establish a secret session key which can be used to encrypt messages.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-28 Michele Mosca , Douglas Stebila , Berkant Ustaoglu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a crucial component for truly secure communication, which enables to analyze leakage of information due to eavesdropper attacks. While impressive progress was made in the field of long-distance…

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