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Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two spatially separated parties to securely generate a cryptographic key. The first QKD protocol, published by C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard in 1984 (BB84), describes how this is achieved by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-13 Olli Ahonen

Based on the idea that there is no side channel in the vacuum state, the side-channel-free quantum key distribution (SCFQKD) protocol was proposed, which is immune to all attacks in the source side-channel space and all attacks in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiao-Long Hu , Xiang-Bin Wang

This paper presents a novel hybrid Quantum Key Distribution ,QKD, protocol that combines entanglement based and non entanglement based approaches to optimize security and the number of generated keys. We introduce a dynamic system that…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols aim at allowing two parties to generate a secret shared key. While many QKD protocols have been proven unconditionally secure in theory, practical security analyses of experimental QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Michel Boyer , Gilles Brassard , Nicolas Godbout , Rotem Liss , Stéphane Virally

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was proposed to remove all the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the trusted encoding systems. Here we propose a one-sided MDI-QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-18 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Li Li , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen

We prove the unconditional security of the standard six-state scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD). We demonstrate its unconditional security up to a bit error rate of 12.7 percents, by allowing only one-way classical communications in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to share encryption keys with information-theoretic security guaranteed by physical laws. Side-channel-secure QKD (SCS-QKD) has attracted considerable attention because it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Yang Zhou , Jing-Yang Liu , Chun-Hui Zhang , Chun-Wang Yi , Teng-Wen Jiang , Le-Chen Xu , Qin Wang

In counterfactual quantum key distribution (QKD), two remote parties can securely share random polarization-encoded bits through the blocking rather than the transmission of particles. We propose a semi-counterfactual QKD, i.e., one where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-28 Akshata Shenoy H. , R. Srikanth , T. Srinivas

This paper is withdrawn. We study the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on a quantum retrodiction protocol, namely the so-called mean king problem. The security is analyzed by considering the eavesdropping on both the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-15 Han-Duo Shi , Yi-Nan Wang , Li Jing , Ru-Quan Wang , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure key generation method between two distant parties by wisely exploiting properties of quantum mechanics. In QKD, experimental measurement outcomes on quantum states are transformed by the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-01 Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Xiongfeng Ma , H. F. Chau

We propose a new Quantum Key Distribution method in which Alice sends pairs of qubits to Bob, each in one of four possible states. Bob uses one qubit to generate a secure key and the other to generate an auxiliary key. For each pair he…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-01 Mohd Asad Siddiqui , Tabish Qureshi

We consider a subcarrier wave quantum key distribution (QKD) system, where the quantum en- coding is carried by weak sidebands generated to a coherent optical beam by means of an electrooptic phase modulation. We study the security of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 A. V. Kozubov , A. A. Gaidash , A. V. Gleim , G. P. Miroshnichenko , D. B. Horoshko

Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many…

We introduce a quantum key distribution protocol designed to expose fake users that connect to Alice or Bob for the purpose of monopolising the link and denying service. It inherently resists attempts to exhaust Alice and Bob's initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-15 Alasdair B. Price , John G. Rarity , Chris Erven

We present two new schemes for quantum key distribution (QKD) that neither require entanglement nor an ideal single-photon source, making them implementable with commercially available single-photon sources. These protocols are shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

A semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol makes it possible for a quantum party and a classical party to generate a secret shared key. However, many existing SQKD protocols are not experimentally feasible in a secure way using current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-20 Michel Boyer , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor

Secure key distribution among two remote parties is impossible when both are classical, unless some unproven (and arguably unrealistic) computation-complexity assumptions are made, such as the difficulty of factorizing large numbers. On the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-01 Michel Boyer , Ran Gelles , Dan Kenigsberg , Tal Mor

In this work we introduce a novel QKD protocol capable of smoothly transitioning, via user-tuneable parameter, from classical to semi-quantum in order to help understand the effect of quantum communication resources on secure key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Allison Gagliano , Walter O. Krawec , Hasan Iqbal

Employing the fundamental laws of quantum physics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises the unconditionally secure distribution of cryptographic keys. However, in practical realisations, a QKD protocol is only secure, when the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-07 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Jie Xu , Almut Beige

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers the promise of absolutely secure communications. However, proofs of absolute security often assume perfect implementation from theory to experiment. Thus, existing systems may be prone to insidious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-23 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola