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Every design choice will have different effects on different units. However traditional A/B tests are often underpowered to identify these heterogeneous effects. This is especially true when the set of unit-level attributes is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Alexander Peysakhovich , Akos Lada

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health challenge, and is compounded by co-morbidities such as HIV, diabetes, and anemia, which complicate treatment outcomes and contribute to heterogeneous patient responses. Traditional models of TB…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ethan Wu , Caleb Ellington , Ben Lengerich , Eric P. Xing

Identification of treatment effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a persistent problem in the social, biological, and medical sciences. The problem of unmeasured confounding in settings with multiple treatments is most common…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Wang Miao , Wenjie Hu , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Xiaohua Zhou

Drug repurposing has attracted increasing attention from both the pharmaceutical industry and the research community. Many existing computational drug repurposing methods rely on preclinical data (e.g., chemical structures, drug targets),…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-28 Qianlong Wen , Ruoqi Liu , Ping Zhang

Clinicians prescribe antibiotics by looking at the patient's health record with an experienced eye. However, the therapy might be rendered futile if the patient has drug resistance. Determining drug resistance requires time-consuming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Honglin Shu , Pei Gao , Lingwei Zhu , Zheng Chen

The use of multiple drugs accounts for almost 30% of all hospital admission and is the 5th leading cause of death in America. Since over 30% of all adverse drug events (ADEs) are thought to be caused by drug-drug interactions (DDI), better…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-02 Ricky Wang

Background: Polypharmacy, i.e. taking five drugs or more, is both a public health and an economic issue. Medication reviews are structured interviews of the patient by the community pharmacist, aiming at optimizing the drug treatment and…

Dynamic prediction of causal effects under different treatment regimes conditional on an individual's characteristics and longitudinal history is an essential problem in precision medicine. This is challenging in practice because outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Yizhen Xu , Jisoo Kim , Laura K. Hummers , Ami A. Shah , Scott Zeger

Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, yet evidence on medication-related risk or protection remains limited. Most post-marketing studies examine one drug class at a time or rely on empirical-Bayes shrinkage with…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-27 Soumya Sahu , Kwan Hur , Dulal K. Bhaumik , Robert Gibbons

One of the most significant barriers to medication treatment is patients' non-adherence to a prescribed medication regimen. The extent of the impact of poor adherence on resulting health measures is often unknown, and typical analyses…

Applications · Statistics 2018-12-04 Luis F. Campos , Mark E. Glickman , Kristen B. Hunter

We study the problem of detecting adverse drug events in electronic healthcare records. The challenge in this work is to aggregate heterogeneous data types involving diagnosis codes, drug codes, as well as lab measurements. An earlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Maria Bampa , Panagiotis Papapetrou

There is a dearth of robust methods to estimate the causal effects of multiple treatments when the outcome is binary. This paper uses two unique sets of simulations to propose and evaluate the use of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-22 Liangyuan Hu , Chenyang Gu , Michael Lopez , Jiayi Ji , Juan Wisnivesky

When drawing causal inferences about the effects of multiple treatments on clustered survival outcomes using observational data, we need to address implications of the multilevel data structure, multiple treatments, censoring and unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-18 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Ronald D. Ennis , Joseph W. Hogan

Approving and assessing new drugs is complex because multiple criteria must be considered simultaneously. A common approach is benefit-risk analysis, often conducted within a Bayesian framework to account for uncertainty and combine data…

Outcome estimation of treatments for target individuals is an important foundation for decision making based on causal relations. Most existing outcome estimation methods deal with binary or multiple-choice treatments; however, in some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Shonosuke Harada , Hisashi Kashima

Modeling dose-response relationships of drugs is essential to understanding their effect on patient outcomes under realistic circumstances. While intention-to-treat analyses of clinical trials provide the effect of assignment to a…

Applications · Statistics 2018-02-15 Jacob Spertus , Marcela Horvitz-Lennon , Sharon-Lise Normand

Instrumental variable (IV) methods are widely used to adjust for the bias in estimating treatment effects caused by unmeasured confounders in observational studies. In this manuscript, we provide empirical and theoretical evidence that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-04 Ashkan Ertefaie , Dylan Small , James H. Flory , Sean Hennessy

Predicting the presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) using behavioural and cognitive signals is a highly non-trivial task. The heterogeneous clinical profile of MDD means that any given speech, facial expression and/or observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Salvatore Fara , Orlaith Hickey , Alexandra Georgescu , Stefano Goria , Emilia Molimpakis , Nicholas Cummins

The analysis of large scale medical claims data has the potential to improve quality of care by generating insights which can be used to create tailored medical programs. In particular, the multivariate probit model can be used to…

Image-based precision medicine aims to personalize treatment decisions based on an individual's unique imaging features so as to improve their clinical outcome. Machine learning frameworks that integrate uncertainty estimation as part of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Joshua Durso-Finley , Jean-Pierre Falet , Raghav Mehta , Douglas L. Arnold , Nick Pawlowski , Tal Arbel