Related papers: Moore's Law in CLEAR Light
Thermodynamics is accepted as a universal truth, encompassing all macroscopic objects. Therefore, it is surprising to find that, within our current understanding, the photovoltaic effect has so far eluded the first and second laws of…
In the global economy, credit companies play a central role in economic development, through their activity as money lenders. This important task comes with some drawbacks, mainly the risk of the debtors not being able to repay the provided…
Photonic quantum metrology harnesses quantum states of light, such as NOON or Twin-Fock states, to measure unknown parameters beyond classical precision limits. Current protocols suffer from two severe limitations that preclude their…
For decades, Moore's Law has served as a steadfast pillar in computer architecture and system design, promoting a clear abstraction between hardware and software. This traditional Moore's computing paradigm has deepened the rift between the…
Quantum threshold theorems impose hard limits on the hardware capabilities to process quantum information. We derive tight and fundamental upper bounds to loss-tolerance thresholds in different linear-optical quantum information processing…
A novel explainable AI method called CLEAR Image is introduced in this paper. CLEAR Image is based on the view that a satisfactory explanation should be contrastive, counterfactual and measurable. CLEAR Image explains an image's…
Fair and trustworthy AI is becoming ever more important in both machine learning and legal domains. One important consequence is that decision makers must seek to guarantee a 'fair', i.e., non-discriminatory, algorithmic decision procedure.…
Photoplasticity, the light-induced change in plastic deformation, plays a pivotal role in the mechanical durability and manufacturing of semiconductor materials. Yet, its governing mechanisms remain incompletely understood, owing to the…
Recent progress in nonlinear optical materials and microresonators has brought quantum computing with bulk optical nonlinearities into the realm of possibility. This platform is of great interest, not only because photonics is an obvious…
Optical metrology has progressed beyond the Abbe-Rayleigh limit, unlocking (sub)atomic precision by leveraging nonlinear phenomena, statistical accumulation, and AI estimators trained on measurand variations. Here, we show that Fisher…
Compute, data, and algorithmic advances are the three fundamental factors that guide the progress of modern Machine Learning (ML). In this paper we study trends in the most readily quantified factor - compute. We show that before 2010…
In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become a key enabling technology for the sciences and industry. Especially through improvements in methodology, the availability of large databases and increased computational power, today's ML…
Quantum technology is poised to enable a step change in human capability for computing, communications and sensing. Photons are indispensable as carriers of quantum information - they travel at the fastest possible speed and readily…
This paper provides the first systematic economic analysis of token pricing in the large language model (LLM) inference market. Assembling a novel dataset integrating OpenRouter API data (318 models), Epoch AI records (3,237 models), and 62…
A computer's clock rate ultimately determines the minimum time between sequential operations or instructions. Despite exponential advances in electronic computer performance owing to Moore's Law and increasingly parallel system…
Advancing temporal resolution in computation, signal modulation, and measurement is crucial for pushing the frontiers of modern science and technology. Optical resonators have recently demonstrated computational operations at frequencies…
Organic semiconductors are promising materials for cheap, scalable and sustainable electronics, light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics. For organic photovoltaic cells, it is a challenge to find compounds with suitable properties in the…
Large formal mathematical libraries consist of millions of atomic inference steps that give rise to a corresponding number of proved statements (lemmas). Analogously to the informal mathematical practice, only a tiny fraction of such…
Twenty-five years ago the desktop computer started becoming ubiquitous in the scientific lab. Researchers were delighted with its ability to both control instrumentation and acquire data on a single system, but they were not completely…
Quantum metrology derives its capabilities from the careful employ of quantum resources for carrying out measurements. This advantage, however, relies on refined data postprocessing, assessed based on the variance of the estimated…