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The doubling construction is a fast and important way to generate new solutions to the Hurwitz problem on sums of squares identities from any known ones. In this short note, we generalize the doubling construction and obtain from any given…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-08-17 Chi Zhang , Hua-Lin Huang

We show that very simple continued fractions can be obtained for the ordinary generating functions enumerating permutations or D-permutations with a large number of independent statistics, when each cycle is given a weight $-1$. The proof…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Bishal Deb , Alan D. Sokal

This manuscript studies a special case of the Hurwitz enumeration problem: for branched covers from genus g compact Riemann surface to the Riemann sphere, with three branch points, and require the branching data at one of the branch points…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Yi Song

The Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation is analyzed using two boundary proposals: the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary condition and tunneling condition. By compactifying the scale factor $a$ into $ x = a/(1+a) $, we reformulate the WDW equation to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Jie Jiang , Deog Ki Hong , Dong-han Yeom

This paper is devoted to the computation of the number of ordered factorizations of a long cycle in the symmetric group where the number of factors is arbitrary and the cycle structure of the factors is given. Jackson (1988) derived the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Ekaterina A. Vassilieva

For operators of many different kinds it has been proved that (generalized) Darboux transformations can be built using so called Wronskian formulae. Such Darboux transformations are not invertible in the sense that the corresponding…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-01-07 Ekaterina Shemyakova

We study the problem of decomposition (non-commutative factorization) of linear ordinary differential operators near an irregular singular point. The solution (given in terms of the Newton diagram and the respective characteristic numbers)…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Leanne Mezuman , Sergei Yakovenko

In 1891, Hurwitz introduced the enumeration of genus $g$, degree $d$, branched covers of the Riemann sphere with simple ramification over prescribed points and no branching elsewhere. He showed that for fixed degree $d$, the enumeration…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Norman Do , Jian He , Heath Robertson

The author has introduced in a recent paper a new class of operators, called co-Toeplitz operators, with symbols in a co-algebra. This is the categorical dual to Toeplitz operators which have symbols in an algebra. The mapping from a symbol…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Stephen Bruce Sontz

We obtain simple quadratic recurrence formulas counting bipartite maps on surfaces with prescribed degrees (in particular, $2k$-angulations), and constellations. These formulas are the fastest known way of computing these numbers. Our work…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-11 Baptiste Louf

We introduce a modified factorization formalism in quantum chromodynamics for hadronic production of $W$ and $Z$ bosons at large transverse momentum $p_T$. When $p_T$ is much larger than the invariant mass $Q$ of the vector boson, this new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-10 Edmond L. Berger , Jun Gao , Zhong-Bo Kang , Jian-Wei Qiu , Hao Zhang

In this note, we provide a short and self-contained proof that the braid group on n strands acts transitively on the set of reduced factorizations of a Coxeter element in a Coxeter group of finite rank n into products of reflections. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-12 Barbara Baumeister , Matthew Dyer , Christian Stump , Patrick Wegener

To a branched cover f between orientable surfaces one can associate a certain branch datum D(f), that encodes the combinatorics of the cover. This D(f) satisfies a compatibility condition called the Riemann-Hurwitz relation. The old but…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-06-30 Carlo Petronio , Filippo Sarti

We extract a system of numerical invariants from logarithmic intersection theory on pluricanonical double ramification cycles, and show that these invariants exhibit a number of properties that are enjoyed by double Hurwitz numbers. Among…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Renzo Cavalieri , Hannah Markwig , Dhruv Ranganathan

A proof of Lagrange's and Jacobi's four-square theorem due to Hurwitz utilizes orders in a quaternion algebra over the rationals. Seeking a generalization of this technique to orders over number fields, we identify two key components: an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Matěj Doležálek

In this paper we extend the transfer operator approach to Selberg's zeta function for cofinite Fuchsian groups to the Hecke triangle groups G_q, q=3,4,..., which are non-arithmetic for q \not= 3,4,6. For this we make use of a Poincare map…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-10-08 Dieter Mayer , Tobias Mühlenbruch , Fredrik Strömberg

A. de Sole, V. G. Kac, and M. Wakimoto (arXiv:1004.5387) have recently introduced a new family of compatible Hamiltonian operators of the form $H^{(N,0)}=D^2\circ((1/u)\circ D)^{2n}\circ D$, where $N=2n+3$, $n=0,1,2,...$, $u$ is the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Jirina Vodova

We present a solution of the Weiss operator family generalized for the case of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and formulate a d-dimensional analogue of the Weiss Theorem. Most importantly, the generalization of the Weiss Theorem allows us to find a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-02-09 S. Borisenok , M. H. Erkut , Y. Polatoglu , M. Demirer

Let H(N) denote the Hurwitz class number. It is known that if $p$ is a prime, then {equation*} \sum_{|r|<2\sqrt p}H(4p-r^2) = 2p. {equation*} In this paper, we investigate the behavior of this sum with the additional condition $r\equiv…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-08-24 Brittany Brown , Neil J. Calkin , Timothy B. Flowers , Kevin James , Ethan Smith , Amy Stout

We investigate random minimal factorizations of the $n$-cycle, that is, factorizations of the permutation $(1 \, 2 \cdots n)$ into a product of cycles $\tau_1, \ldots, \tau_k$ whose lengths $\ell(\tau_1), \ldots, \ell(\tau_k)$ verify the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-28 Paul Thevenin