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Applied category theory provides powerful mathematical tools for modelling processes and their composition. Symmetric monoidal categories, which involve series and parallel composition, are particularly well-suited for describing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Muhammad Hamza Waseem

The framework of causal models provides a principled approach to causal reasoning, applied today across many scientific domains. Here we present this framework in the language of string diagrams, interpreted formally using category theory.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Robin Lorenz , Sean Tull

String diagrams are an increasingly popular algebraic language for the analysis of graphical models of computations across different research fields. Whereas string diagrams have been thoroughly studied as semantic structures, much less…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

We introduce string diagrams for graded symmetric monoidal categories. Our approach includes a definition of graded monoidal theory and the corresponding freely generated syntactic category. Also, we show how an axiomatic presentation for…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Ralph Sarkis , Fabio Zanasi

Calculi of string diagrams are increasingly used to present the syntax and algebraic structure of various families of circuits, including signal flow graphs, electrical circuits and quantum processes. In many such approaches, the semantic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Brendan Fong , Fabio Zanasi

Monoidal algebraic structures consist of operations that can have multiple outputs as well as multiple inputs, which have applications in many areas including categorical algebra, programming language semantics, representation theory,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Aleks Kissinger , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

We show that every braiding on a monoidal bicategory induces a monoidal structure on its bicategory of monoids, such that if the former is sylleptic or symmetric then the latter is braided or symmetric, respectively. This extends a classic…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Raffael Stenzel

Diagrammatically speaking, grammatical calculi such as pregroups provide wires between words in order to elucidate their interactions, and this enables one to verify grammatical correctness of phrases and sentences. In this paper we also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Bob Coecke , Vincent Wang

We introduce a symmetric monoidal $\infty$-category $\mathrm{GrCob}$ of graph cobordisms between spaces, and use the homology of its morphism spaces to define string operations. Precisely, for an $E_\infty$-ring spectrum $R$ and an oriented…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Andrea Bianchi

We show that in any symmetric monoidal category, if a weight for colimits is absolute, then the resulting colimit of any diagram of dualizable objects is again dualizable. Moreover, in this case, if an endomorphism of the colimit is induced…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-01 Kate Ponto , Michael Shulman

String diagrams provide a convenient graphical framework which may be used for equational reasoning about morphisms of monoidal categories. However, unlike term rewriting, rewriting string diagrams results in shorter equational proofs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Vladimir Nikolaev Zamdzhiev

In this work, we explore a double categorical framework for categories of enriched graphs, categories and the newly introduced notion of cocategories. A fundamental goal is to establish an enrichment of V-categories in V-cocategories, which…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-27 Christina Vasilakopoulou

Expansion of the categorical point of view on many areas of the mathematics and mathematical physics will cause to deeper understanding of genuine features of these problems. New applications of categorical methods are connected with new…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-03 S. S. Moskaliuk , A. T. Vlassov

String diagrams are a graphical language used to represent processes that can be composed sequentially or in parallel, which correspond graphically to horizontal or vertical juxtaposition. In this paper we demonstrate how to compute the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-04 Celia Rubio-Madrigal , Jules Hedges

Usually a name of the category is inherited from the name of objects. However more relevant for a category of objects and morphisms is an algebra of morphisms. Therefore we prefer to say a category of graphs if every morphism is a graph. In…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Maria Ernestina Chavez Rodriguez , Zbigniew Oziewicz

This is a draft of the textbook/monograph that presents computability theory using string diagrams. The introductory chapters have been taught as graduate and undergraduate courses and evolved through 8 years of lecture notes. The later…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Dusko Pavlovic

We propose a graphical language that accommodates two monoidal structures: a multiplicative one for pairing and an additional one for branching. In this colored PROP, whether wires in parallel are linked through the multiplicative structure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Kostia Chardonnet , Marc de Visme , Benoît Valiron , Renaud Vilmart

We introduce context-free languages of morphisms in monoidal categories, extending recent work on the categorification of context-free languages, and regular languages of string diagrams. Context-free languages of string diagrams include…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Matt Earnshaw , Mario Román

In recent years, diagrammatic languages have been shown to be a powerful and expressive tool for reasoning about physical, logical, and semantic processes represented as morphisms in a monoidal category. In particular, categorical quantum…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-04-19 Aleks Kissinger

It is well-known that combinatorial circuits are modeled mathematically by string diagrams in a monoidal category. Given a gate set $\Sigma$, the circuits over $\Sigma$ can be thought of as string diagrams in the free monoidal category…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Scott Wesley