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Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental…

Detecting mitigating and correcting errors in quantum control is among the most pertinent contemporary problems in quantum technologies. We consider three of the most common bosonic error correction codes -- the CLY, binomial and dual rail…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 I-Chi Chen , Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum computation will rely on quantum error correction to counteract decoherence. Successfully implementing an error correction protocol requires the fidelity of qubit operations to be well-above error correction thresholds. In…

We investigate the performance of error mitigation via measurement of conserved symmetries on near-term devices. We present two protocols to measure conserved symmetries during the bulk of an experiment, and develop a zero-cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-03 X. Bonet-Monroig , R. Sagastizabal , M. Singh , T. E. O'Brien

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

Unsharp measurements are increasingly important for foundational insights in quantum theory and quantum information applications. Here, we report an experimental implementation of unsharp qubit measurements in a sequential communication…

In this work, we analyze a framework for constructing fault-tolerant measurement schedules of varying lengths by combining stabilizer generators, and prove results about the distance of such schedules by combining according to classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Benjamin Anker , Milad Marvian

Different choices of quantum error-correcting codes can reduce the demands on the physical hardware needed to build a quantum computer. To achieve the full potential of a code, we must develop practical decoding algorithms that can correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik , Benjamin J. Brown

The theory of error-correcting codes is concerned with constructing codes that optimize simultaneously transmission rate and relative minimum distance. These conflicting requirements determine an asymptotic bound, which is a continuous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-28 Yuri I. Manin , Matilde Marcolli

Since observation on a quantum system may cause the system state collapse, it is usually hard to find a way to monitor a quantum process, which is a quantum system that continuously evolves. We propose a protocol that can debug a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Yangjia Li , Mingsheng Ying

Recently Shor showed how to perform fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is logarithmically small. We improve this bound and describe fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

Quantum error correction (QEC) codes are traditionally defined and searched for without specifying the manner in which its syndrome extraction circuits are executed using elementary gates and measurements. We show how morphing circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal

High-fidelity decoding of quantum error correction codes relies on an accurate experimental model of the physical errors occurring in the device. Because error probabilities can depend on the context of the applied operations, the error…

We present and analyze protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing using color codes. We present circuit-level schemes for extracting the error syndrome of these codes fault-tolerantly. We further present an integer-program-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-31 Andrew J. Landahl , Jonas T. Anderson , Patrick R. Rice

We consider a universal set of quantum gates encoded within a perturbed decoherence-free subspace of four physical qubits. Using second-order perturbation theory and a measuring device modeled by an infinite set of harmonic oscillators,…

For quantum error correction codes the required number of measurement rounds typically increases with the code distance when measurements are faulty. Single-shot error correction allows for an error threshold with only one round of noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Yingjia Lin , Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error correction becomes a practical possibility only if the physical error rate is below a threshold value that depends on a particular quantum code, syndrome measurement circuit, and decoding algorithm. Here we present an…

Performing active quantum error correction to protect fragile quantum states highly depends on the correctness of error information--error syndromes. To obtain reliable error syndromes using imperfect physical circuits, we propose the idea…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Alexei Ashikhmin , Ching-Yi Lai , Todd A. Brun