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In this paper, we propose a novel regularization method, RotationOut, for neural networks. Different from Dropout that handles each neuron/channel independently, RotationOut regards its input layer as an entire vector and introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kai Hu , Barnabas Poczos

Stochastic regularisation is an important weapon in the arsenal of a deep learning practitioner. However, despite recent theoretical advances, our understanding of how noise influences signal propagation in deep neural networks remains…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-03 Arnu Pretorius , Elan Van Biljon , Steve Kroon , Herman Kamper

Advancements in parallel processing have lead to a surge in multilayer perceptrons' (MLP) applications and deep learning in the past decades. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) give additional representational power to feedforward MLPs by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-22 Saahil Ognawala , Justin Bayer

Regularisation of deep neural networks (DNN) during training is critical to performance. By far the most popular method is known as dropout. Here, cast through the prism of signal processing theory, we compare and contrast the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Andrew J. R. Simpson

Regularization is essential for avoiding over-fitting to training data in network optimization, leading to better generalization of the trained networks. The label noise provides a strong implicit regularization by replacing the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Kensuke Nakamura , Bong-Soo Sohn , Kyoung-Jae Won , Byung-Woo Hong

Dropout, a simple and effective way to train deep neural networks, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes and spawned many recent theoretical investigations. However, the gap between dropout's training and inference phases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Xuezhe Ma , Yingkai Gao , Zhiting Hu , Yaoliang Yu , Yuntian Deng , Eduard Hovy

A widely used algorithm for transfer learning is fine-tuning, where a pre-trained model is fine-tuned on a target task with a small amount of labeled data. When the capacity of the pre-trained model is significantly larger than the size of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Dongyue Li , Hongyang R. Zhang

Dropout is a simple yet effective algorithm for regularizing neural networks by randomly dropping out units through Bernoulli multiplicative noise, and for some restricted problem classes, such as linear or logistic regression, several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Jacopo Cavazza , Connor Lane , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Vittorio Murino , René Vidal

Deep neural network (DNN)-based adaptive controllers can be used to compensate for unstructured uncertainties in nonlinear dynamic systems. However, DNNs are also very susceptible to overfitting and co-adaptation. Dropout regularization is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-01 Saiedeh Akbari , Emily J. Griffis , Omkar Sudhir Patil , Warren E. Dixon

Robustness of deep neural networks to input noise remains a critical challenge, as naive noise injection often degrades accuracy on clean (uncorrupted) data. We propose a novel training framework that addresses this trade-off through two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Hai-Vy Nguyen , Fabrice Gamboa , Sixin Zhang , Reda Chhaibi , Serge Gratton , Thierry Giaccone

Regularization can mitigate the generalization gap between training and inference by introducing inductive bias. Existing works have already proposed various inductive biases from diverse perspectives. However, none of them explores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Qiang Fu , Lun Du , Haitao Mao , Xu Chen , Wei Fang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Regularization techniques such as L2 regularization (Weight Decay) and Dropout are fundamental to training deep neural networks, yet their underlying physical mechanisms regarding feature frequency selection remain poorly understood. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiahao Lu

Batch Normalization (BN)(Ioffe and Szegedy 2015) normalizes the features of an input image via statistics of a batch of images and hence BN will bring the noise to the gradient of the training loss. Previous works indicate that the noise is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Senwei Liang , Zhongzhan Huang , Mingfu Liang , Haizhao Yang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) experience significant performance degradation when processing noisy labels, primarily due to overfitting on mislabeled data. Current mainstream approaches attempt to mitigate this issue by passively filtering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ningkang Peng , Jingyang Mao , Xiaoqian Peng , Peirong Ma , Xichen Yang , Weiguang Qu , Yanhui Gu

A machine learning model that generalizes well should obtain low errors on unseen test examples. Thus, if we know how to optimally perturb training examples to account for test examples, we may achieve better generalization performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Hae Beom Lee , Taewook Nam , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

In this paper, we propose Selective Output Smoothing Regularization, a novel regularization method for training the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Inspired by the diverse effects on training from different samples, Selective Output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Xuan Cheng , Tianshu Xie , Xiaomin Wang , Qifeng Weng , Minghui Liu , Jiali Deng , Ming Liu

Over-parameterized deep neural networks trained by simple first-order methods are known to be able to fit any labeling of data. Such over-fitting ability hinders generalization when mislabeled training examples are present. On the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Dingli Yu

Feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs) are vulnerable to input noise, reducing prediction performance. Existing regularization methods like dropout often alter network architecture or overlook neuron interactions. This study aims to enhance…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Maria Zaitseva , Ivan Tomilov , Natalia Gusarova

A supervised learning approach is proposed for regularization of large inverse problems where the main operator is built from noisy data. This is germane to superresolution imaging via the sampling indicators of the inverse scattering…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Fatemeh Pourahmadian , Yang Xu

We provide a general framework for studying recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained by injecting noise into hidden states. Specifically, we consider RNNs that can be viewed as discretizations of stochastic differential equations driven by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-02 Soon Hoe Lim , N. Benjamin Erichson , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney