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Deep quantization of neural networks (below eight bits) offers significant promise in reducing their compute and storage cost. Albeit alluring, without special techniques for training and optimization, deep quantization results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Ahmed T. Elthakeb , Prannoy Pilligundla , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

State-of-the-art deep neural networks are trained with large amounts (millions or even billions) of data. The expensive computation and memory costs make it difficult to train them on limited hardware resources, especially for recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Daquan Zhou , Kai Wang , Jianyang Gu , Xiangyu Peng , Dongze Lian , Yifan Zhang , Yang You , Jiashi Feng

We tackle the problem of producing compact models, maximizing their accuracy for a given model size. A standard solution is to train networks with Quantization Aware Training, where the weights are quantized during training and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Angela Fan , Pierre Stock , Benjamin Graham , Edouard Grave , Remi Gribonval , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin

Although deep neural networks are highly effective, their high computational and memory costs severely challenge their applications on portable devices. As a consequence, low-bit quantization, which converts a full-precision neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jiwei Yang , Xu Shen , Jun Xing , Xinmei Tian , Houqiang Li , Bing Deng , Jianqiang Huang , Xiansheng Hua

Deep learning has recently garnered significant interest in wireless communications due to its superior performance compared to traditional model-based algorithms. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated notable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 SaiKrishna Saketh Yellapragada , Esa Ollila , Mario Costa

Serving large-scale machine learning (ML) models efficiently and with low latency has become challenging owing to increasing model size and complexity. Quantizing models can simultaneously reduce memory and compute requirements,…

Inference for state-of-the-art deep neural networks is computationally expensive, making them difficult to deploy on constrained hardware environments. An efficient way to reduce this complexity is to quantize the weight parameters and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

Deep neural networks with lower precision weights and operations at inference time have advantages in terms of the cost of memory space and accelerator power. The main challenge associated with the quantization algorithm is maintaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Shih-Ting Lin , Zhaofang Li , Yu-Hsiang Cheng , Hao-Wen Kuo , Chih-Cheng Lu , Kea-Tiong Tang

Transfer Learning enables Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to acquire knowledge from a source domain and transfer it to a target domain, where collecting large-scale annotated examples is time-consuming and expensive. Conventionally,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 S. H. Shabbeer Basha , Debapriya Tula , Sravan Kumar Vinakota , Shiv Ram Dubey

Deep neural networks (DNN) have shown remarkable success in a variety of machine learning applications. The capacity of these models (i.e., number of parameters), endows them with expressive power and allows them to reach the desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Arturo Marban , Daniel Becking , Simon Wiedemann , Wojciech Samek

Despite the achievements of recent binarization methods on reducing the performance degradation of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs), gradient mismatching caused by the Straight-Through-Estimator (STE) still dominates quantized networks. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Junjie Liu , Dongchao Wen , Deyu Wang , Wei Tao , Tse-Wei Chen , Kinya Osa , Masami Kato

We consider the problem of deep neural net compression by quantization: given a large, reference net, we want to quantize its real-valued weights using a codebook with $K$ entries so that the training loss of the quantized net is minimal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Yerlan Idelbayev

Quantum machine learning researchers often rely on incorporating Tensor Networks (TN) into Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and variational optimization. However, the standard optimization techniques used for training the contracted trainable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 Debanjan Konar , Dheeraj Peddireddy , Vaneet Aggarwal , Bijaya K. Panigrahi

Layer-wise quantization is a key technique for efficiently compressing large models without expensive retraining. Previous methods typically quantize the weights of each layer by "uniformly" optimizing the layer reconstruction loss across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yi-Lin Sung , Prateek Yadav , Jialu Li , Jaehong Yoon , Mohit Bansal

Quantization reduces the precision of deep neural networks to lower model size and computational demands, but often at the expense of accuracy. Fully quantized models can suffer significant accuracy degradation, and resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nikolaos Louloudakis , Ajitha Rajan

This paper tackles the problem of training a deep convolutional neural network of both low-bitwidth weights and activations. Optimizing a low-precision network is very challenging due to the non-differentiability of the quantizer, which may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Bohan Zhuang , Jing Liu , Mingkui Tan , Lingqiao Liu , Ian Reid , Chunhua Shen

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Quantization is commonly used in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to reduce the storage and computational complexity by decreasing the arithmetical precision of activations and weights, a.k.a. tensors. Efficient hardware architectures employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Bahareh Khabbazan , Marc Riera , Antonio González

While neural networks have advanced the frontiers in many applications, they often come at a high computational cost. Reducing the power and latency of neural network inference is key if we want to integrate modern networks into edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Markus Nagel , Marios Fournarakis , Rana Ali Amjad , Yelysei Bondarenko , Mart van Baalen , Tijmen Blankevoort

Neural networks have shown great performance in cognitive tasks. When deploying network models on mobile devices with limited resources, weight quantization has been widely adopted. Binary quantization obtains the highest compression but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Hsin-Pai Cheng , Yuanjun Huang , Xuyang Guo , Yifei Huang , Feng Yan , Hai Li , Yiran Chen
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