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Let $F$ be a finite field, let $f$ be a function from $F$ to $F$, and let $a$ be a nonzero element of $F$. The discrete derivative of $f$ in direction $a$ is $\Delta_a f \colon F \to F$ with $(\Delta_a f)(x)=f(x+a)-f(x)$. The differential…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Daniel J. Katz , Kathleen R. O'Connor , Kyle Pacheco , Yakov Sapozhnikov

Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions play an important role in the design of block ciphers as they offer the strongest resistance against differential cryptanalysis. Despite more than 25 years of research, only a limited number of APN…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Christian Kaspers , Yue Zhou

In this paper some cryptographic properties of Boolean functions, including weight, balancedness and nonlinearity, are studied, particularly focusing on splitting functions and cubic Boolean functions. Moreover, we present some quantities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Augustine Musukwa , Massimiliano Sala , Marco Zaninelli

Let $p>3$ be a prime. We show that, for each integer $d$ with $p \leq d \leq 2(p-1)$, there exists a generalized almost perfect nonlinear (GAPN) binomial or trinomial over $\mathbb{F}_{p^2}$ of algebraic degree $d$. We start by deriving…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Christof Beierle

In this paper we compute the Fourier spectra of some recently discovered binomial APN functions. One consequence of this is the determination of the nonlinearity of the functions, which measures their resistance to linear cryptanalysis.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Carl Bracken , Eimear Byrne , Nadya Markin , Gary McGuire

We consider exceptional APN functions on ${\bf F}_{2^m}$, which by definition are functions that are not APN on infinitely many extensions of ${\bf F}_{2^m}$. Our main result is that polynomial functions of odd degree are not exceptional,…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Yves Aubry , Gary Mcguire , François Rodier

In this paper we define a new (output) multiplicative differential, and the corresponding $c$-differential uniformity. With this new concept, even for characteristic $2$, there are perfect $c$-nonlinear (PcN) functions. We first…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Pal Ellingsen , Patrick Felke , Constanza Riera , Pantelimon Stanica , Anton Tkachenko

APN functions play a fundamental role in cryptography against attacks on block ciphers. Several families of quadratic APN functions have been proposed in the recent years, whose construction relies on the existence of specific families of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Daniele Bartoli , Marco Calderini , Olga Polverino , Ferdinando Zullo

The Feistel Boomerang Connectivity Table and the related notion of $F$-Boomerang uniformity (also known as the second-order zero differential uniformity) has been recently introduced by Boukerrou et al.~\cite{Bouk}. These tools shall…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Kirpa Garg , Sartaj Ul Hasan , Constanza Riera , Pantelimon Stanica

We systematically analyze a class of hexanomial functions over finite fields of characteristic $2$ proposed by Dillon (2006) as candidates for almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions, significantly extending earlier partial-APN results.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Daniele Bartoli , Giovanni Giuseppe Grimaldi , Pantelimon Stanica

Finding functions, particularly permutations, with good differential properties has received a lot of attention due to their varied applications. For instance, in combinatorial design theory, a correspondence of perfect $c$-nonlinear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Kirpa Garg , Sartaj Ul Hasan , Pantelimon Stanica

In this paper, we investigate the power functions $F(x)=x^d$ over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{2^{4n}}$, where $n$ is a positive integer and $d=2^{3n}+2^{2n}+2^{n}-1$. It is proved that $F(x)=x^d$ is APcN at certain $c$'s in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Ziran Tu , Xiangyong Zeng , Yupeng Jiang , Xiaohu Tang

In this paper, we classify $(q,q)$-biprojective almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions over $\mathbb{LL} \times \mathbb{LL}$ under the natural left and right action of $\mathrm{GL}(2,\mathbb{LL})$ where $\mathbb{LL}$ is a finite field of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-03 Faruk Göloğlu

Classical planar functions are functions from a finite field to itself and give rise to finite projective planes. They exist however only for fields of odd characteristic. We study their natural counterparts in characteristic two, which we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-13 Kai-Uwe Schmidt , Yue Zhou

In this paper, two new classes of perfect nonlinear functions over $\mathbb{F}_{p^{2m}}$ are proposed, where $p$ is an odd prime. Furthermore, we investigate the nucleus of the corresponding semifields of these functions and show that the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Jinquan Luo , Junru Ma

This paper deals with a new kind of generalized functions, called "ultrafunctions" which have been introduced recently and developed in some previous works. Their peculiarity is that they are based on a Non-Archimedean field namely on a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-05-19 Vieri Benci , Lorenzo Luperi Baglini

Characteristic functions are shown to be useful for highly sensitive measurements. Redistributions of motional Fock states of a trapped atom can be directly monitored via the most fragile nonclassical part of the characteristic function.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Th. Richter , W. Vogel

The only known example of an almost perfect nonlinear (APN) permutation in even dimension was obtained by applying CCZ-equivalence to a specific quadratic APN function. Motivated by this result, there have been numerous recent attempts to…

In this article, we focus on the concept of locally-APN-ness (``APN" is the abbreviation of the well-known notion of Almost Perfect Nonlinear) introduced by Blondeau, Canteaut, and Charpin, which makes the corpus of S-boxes somehow larger…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Xi Xie , Sihem Mesnager , Nian Li , Debiao He , Xiangyong Zeng

We present an infinite family of quadratic APN functions on a finite field of dimension over GF(2) divisible by 3.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-07-10 Carl Bracken , Eimear Byrne , Nadya Markin , Gary McGuire