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One of the prominent methods for explaining the decision of a machine-learning classifier is by a counterfactual example. Most current algorithms for generating such examples in the textual domain are based on generative language models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Daniel Gilo , Shaul Markovitch

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become an essential approach for extending the reasoning and knowledge capacity of large language models (LLMs). While prior research has primarily focused on retrieval quality and prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiamin Chen , Yuchen Li , Xinyu Ma , Xinran Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chen Ma , Dawei Yin

Sequence generation applications require satisfying semantic constraints, such as ensuring that programs are correct, using certain keywords, or avoiding undesirable content. Language models, whether fine-tuned or prompted with few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Sean Welleck , Ximing Lu , Peter West , Faeze Brahman , Tianxiao Shen , Daniel Khashabi , Yejin Choi

As text generated by large language models proliferates, it becomes vital to understand how humans engage with such text, and whether or not they are able to detect when the text they are reading did not originate with a human writer. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Liam Dugan , Daphne Ippolito , Arun Kirubarajan , Sherry Shi , Chris Callison-Burch

Natural language provides a widely accessible and expressive interface for robotic agents. To understand language in complex environments, agents must reason about the full range of language inputs and their correspondence to the world.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Stephanie Zhou , Alane Suhr , Yoav Artzi

Counterfactual generation lies at the core of various machine learning tasks, including image translation and controllable text generation. This generation process usually requires the identification of the disentangled latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hanqi Yan , Lingjing Kong , Lin Gui , Yuejie Chi , Eric Xing , Yulan He , Kun Zhang

Automatically generating medical reports for retinal images is one of the promising ways to help ophthalmologists reduce their workload and improve work efficiency. In this work, we propose a new context-driven encoding network to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Jia-Hong Huang , Ting-Wei Wu , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Marcel Worring

We propose a new encoder-decoder approach to learn distributed sentence representations that are applicable to multiple purposes. The model is learned by using a convolutional neural network as an encoder to map an input sentence into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Zhe Gan , Yunchen Pu , Ricardo Henao , Chunyuan Li , Xiaodong He , Lawrence Carin

Automated code review comment generation (RCG) aims to assist developers by automatically producing natural language feedback for code changes. Existing approaches are primarily either generation-based, using pretrained language models, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hyunsun Hong , Jongmoon Baik

To ensure large language models (LLMs) are used safely, one must reduce their propensity to hallucinate or to generate unacceptable answers. A simple and often used strategy is to first let the LLM generate multiple hypotheses and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 António Farinhas , Haau-Sing Li , André F. T. Martins

We present a novel approach to generating photo-realistic images of a face with accurate lip sync, given an audio input. By using a recurrent neural network, we achieved mouth landmarks based on audio features. We exploited the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Seyed Ali Jalalifar , Hosein Hasani , Hamid Aghajan

Conditional image modeling based on textual descriptions is a relatively new domain in unsupervised learning. Previous approaches use a latent variable model and generative adversarial networks. While the formers are approximated by using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Tehseen Zia , Shahan Arif , Shakeeb Murtaza , Mirza Ahsan Ullah

Semantic parsing is the problem of deriving machine interpretable meaning representations from natural language utterances. Neural models with encoder-decoder architectures have recently achieved substantial improvements over traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Huseyin A. Inan , Gaurav Singh Tomar , Huapu Pan

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are known as powerful models for handling sequential data, and especially widely utilized in various natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we propose Contextual Recurrent Units (CRU) for enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Yiming Cui , Wei-Nan Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Zhipeng Chen , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Generating paraphrases, that is, different variations of a sentence conveying the same meaning, is an important yet challenging task in NLP. Automatically generating paraphrases has its utility in many NLP tasks like question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Milan Aggarwal , Nupur Kumari , Ayush Bansal , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Sequence generation models for dialogue are known to have several problems: they tend to produce short, generic sentences that are uninformative and unengaging. Retrieval models on the other hand can surface interesting responses, but are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Jason Weston , Emily Dinan , Alexander H. Miller

Despite strong performance on a variety of tasks, neural sequence models trained with maximum likelihood have been shown to exhibit issues such as length bias and degenerate repetition. We study the related issue of receiving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Sean Welleck , Ilia Kulikov , Jaedeok Kim , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kyunghyun Cho

Testing remains the primary method to evaluate the accuracy of neural network perception systems. Prior work on the formal verification of neural network perception models has been limited to notions of local adversarial robustness for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Chris R. Serrano , Pape M. Sylla , Michael A. Warren

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are the state of the art in sequence modeling for natural language. However, it remains poorly understood what grammatical characteristics of natural language they implicitly learn and represent as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Richard Futrell , Ethan Wilcox , Takashi Morita , Roger Levy

Generating relevant responses in a dialog is challenging, and requires not only proper modeling of context in the conversation but also being able to generate fluent sentences during inference. In this paper, we propose a two-step framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Kashif Khan , Gaurav Sahu , Vikash Balasubramanian , Lili Mou , Olga Vechtomova