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The shear and the bulk viscosities of the hadron gas at low temperatures are studied in the model with constant elastic cross sections being relativistic generalization of the hard spheres model. One effective radius ${r=0.4 fm}$ is chosen…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-19 Oleg N. Moroz

The bulk and shear viscosities ($\eta$ and $\zeta$) have been studied for quark-gluon-plasma produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions within semi-classical transport theory, in a recently proposed quasi-particle model of (2+1)-flavor…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-12-06 Vinod Chandra

Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) are thought to have produced a state of matter called the Quark-Gluon-Plasma, characterized by a very small shear viscosity to entropy density ratio…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-04-21 Nasser Demir , Steffen A. Bass

Using a holographic QCD model augmented by Bayesian inference, we calculate key transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)$\text{-}$including the drag force, jet quenching parameter, heavy quark diffusion coefficient, and shear…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-21 Bing Chen , Liqiang Zhu , Xun Chen , Defu Hou , Xurong Chen

Anisotropic flow coefficients v_1-v_5 in heavy ion collisions are computed by combining a classical Yang-Mills description of the early time glasma flow with the subsequent relativistic viscous hydrodynamic evolution of matter through the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

The observation of collective flow phenomena in small collision systems challenges our understanding of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation and evolution. This complexity lies in the initial geometries, which are influenced by both nucleon…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-10-23 STAR Collaboration

Viscous hydrodynamics serves as a successful mesoscopic description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In order to investigate, how such an effective description emerges from the underlying microscopic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-16 Stephan Ochsenfeld , Sören Schlichting

To study the microscopic structure of quark-gluon plasma, data from hadronic collisions must be confronted with models that go beyond fluid dynamics. Here, we study a simple kinetic theory model that encompasses fluid dynamics but contains…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-08 Aleksi Kurkela , Urs Achim Wiedemann , Bin Wu

A critical discussion of the present status of the CERN experiments on charm dynamics and hadron collective flow is given. We emphasize the importance of the flow excitation function from 1 to 50 A$\cdot$GeV: here the hydrodynamic model has…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Horst Stoecker

Using ideal and viscous hydrodynamics, the ratio of azimuthal moments v4/(v2)^2 is calculated for pions, protons, and kaons in sqrt{s}=200 A*GeV Au+Au collisions. For any value of viscosity here is little dependence on particle species.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-18 Matthew Luzum

We extract the specific shear viscosity $\eta/s$ of nuclear matter for various temperatures and chemical potentials in the hadronic phase using data taken in high energy nuclear collisions. We use a blastwave parameterization of the final…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-07-24 Zhidong Yang , Rainer J. Fries

I review the progress made in extracting transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma from lattice QCD simulations. The information on shear and bulk viscosity, the "low-energy constants" of hydrodynamics, is encoded in the retarded…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-11-18 Harvey B. Meyer

Heavy-ion collisions are well described by a dynamical evolution with a long hydrodynamical phase. In this phase the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma are reflected in the equation of state (EoS) and the transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-12-06 A. Dubla , S. Masciocchi , J. M. Pawlowski , B. Schenke , C. Shen , J. Stachel

One of the most striking results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is the strong elliptic flow. This review summarizes what is observed and how these results are combined with reasonable theoretical assumptions to estimate the shear…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-12-21 Derek A. Teaney

We investigate the hadronic cooling of a quark droplet within a microscopic model. The color flux tube approach is used to describe the hadronization of the quark phase. The model reproduces experimental particle ratios equally well…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Hofmann , J. M. Eisenberg , S. Scherer , M. Bleicher , L. Neise , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner

Hydrodynamics merged with single-freeze-out statistical hadronization is used to describe the midrapidity hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the highest RHIC energies and to make predictions for the LHC. Thermodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Mikolaj Chojnacki , Wojciech Florkowski , Wojciech Broniowski , Adam Kisiel

We present ECHO-QGP, a numerical code for $(3+1)$-dimensional relativistic viscous hydrodynamics designed for the modeling of the space-time evolution of the matter created in high energy nuclear collisions. The code has been built on top…

Flow coefficients v_n for n = 2, 3, 4, characterizing the anisotropic collective flow in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV, are measured relative to event planes \Psi_n determined at large rapidity. We report v_n as a function of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-11-12 A. Adare , S. Afanasiev , C. Aidala , N. N. Ajitanand , Y. Akiba , H. Al-Bataineh , J. Alexander , K. Aoki , Y. Aramaki , E. T. Atomssa , R. Averbeck , T. C. Awes , B. Azmoun , V. Babintsev , M. Bai , G. Baksay , L. Baksay , K. N. Barish , B. Bassalleck , A. T. Basye , S. Bathe , V. Baublis , C. Baumann , A. Bazilevsky , S. Belikov , R. Belmont , R. Bennett , A. Berdnikov , Y. Berdnikov , A. A. Bickley , J. S. Bok , K. Boyle , M. L. Brooks , H. Buesching , V. Bumazhnov , G. Bunce , S. Butsyk , C. M. Camacho , S. Campbell , C. -H. Chen , C. Y. Chi , M. Chiu , I. J. Choi , R. K. Choudhury , P. Christiansen , T. Chujo , P. Chung , O. Chvala , V. Cianciolo , Z. Citron , B. A. Cole , M. Connors , P. Constantin , M. Csanád , T. Csörgő , T. Dahms , S. Dairaku , I. Danchev , K. Das , A. Datta , G. David , A. Denisov , A. Deshpande , E. J. Desmond , O. Dietzsch , A. Dion , M. Donadelli , O. Drapier , A. Drees , K. A. Drees , J. M. Durham , A. Durum , D. Dutta , S. Edwards , Y. V. Efremenko , F. Ellinghaus , T. Engelmore , A. Enokizono , H. En'yo , S. Esumi , B. Fadem , D. E. Fields , M. Finger , M. Finger, , F. Fleuret , S. L. Fokin , Z. Fraenkel , J. E. Frantz , A. Franz , A. D. Frawley , K. Fujiwara , Y. Fukao , T. Fusayasu , I. Garishvili , A. Glenn , H. Gong , M. Gonin , Y. Goto , R. Granier de Cassagnac , N. Grau , S. V. Greene , M. Grosse Perdekamp , T. Gunji , H. -Å. Gustafsson , J. S. Haggerty , K. I. Hahn , H. Hamagaki , J. Hamblen , R. Han , J. Hanks , E. P. Hartouni , E. Haslum , R. Hayano , X. He , M. Heffner , T. K. Hemmick , T. Hester , J. C. Hill , M. Hohlmann , W. Holzmann , K. Homma , B. Hong , T. Horaguchi , D. Hornback , S. Huang , T. Ichihara , R. Ichimiya , J. Ide , Y. Ikeda , K. Imai , M. Inaba , D. Isenhower , M. Ishihara , T. Isobe , M. Issah , A. Isupov , D. Ivanischev , B. V. Jacak , J. Jia , J. Jin , B. M. Johnson , K. S. Joo , D. Jouan , D. S. Jumper , F. Kajihara , S. Kametani , N. Kamihara , J. Kamin , J. H. Kang , J. Kapustinsky , K. Karatsu , D. Kawall , M. Kawashima , A. V. Kazantsev , T. Kempel , A. Khanzadeev , K. M. Kijima , B. I. Kim , D. H. Kim , D. J. Kim , E. Kim , E. J. Kim , S. H. Kim , Y. J. Kim , E. Kinney , K. Kiriluk , Á. Kiss , E. Kistenev , L. Kochenda , B. Komkov , M. Konno , J. Koster , D. Kotchetkov , A. Kozlov , A. Král , A. Kravitz , G. J. Kunde , K. Kurita , M. Kurosawa , Y. Kwon , G. S. Kyle , R. Lacey , Y. S. Lai , J. G. Lajoie , A. Lebedev , D. M. Lee , J. Lee , K. Lee , K. B. Lee , K. S. Lee , M. J. Leitch , M. A. L. Leite , E. Leitner , B. Lenzi , X. Li , P. Liebing , L. A. Linden Levy , T. Liška , A. Litvinenko , H. Liu , M. X. Liu , B. Love , R. Luechtenborg , D. Lynch , C. F. Maguire , Y. I. Makdisi , A. Malakhov , M. D. Malik , V. I. Manko , E. Mannel , Y. Mao , H. Masui , F. Matathias , M. McCumber , P. L. McGaughey , N. Means , B. Meredith , Y. Miake , A. C. Mignerey , P. Mikeš , K. Miki , A. Milov , M. Mishra , J. T. Mitchell , A. K. Mohanty , Y. Morino , A. Morreale , D. P. Morrison , T. V. Moukhanova , J. Murata , S. Nagamiya , J. L. Nagle , M. Naglis , M. I. Nagy , I. Nakagawa , Y. Nakamiya , T. Nakamura , K. Nakano , J. Newby , M. Nguyen , R. Nouicer , A. S. Nyanin , E. O'Brien , S. X. Oda , C. A. Ogilvie , M. Oka , K. Okada , Y. Onuki , A. Oskarsson , M. Ouchida , K. Ozawa , R. Pak , V. Pantuev , V. Papavassiliou , I. H. Park , J. Park , S. K. Park , W. J. Park , S. F. Pate , H. Pei , J. -C. Peng , H. Pereira , V. Peresedov , D. Yu. Peressounko , C. Pinkenburg , R. P. Pisani , M. Proissl , M. L. Purschke , A. K. Purwar , H. Qu , J. Rak , A. Rakotozafindrabe , I. Ravinovich , K. F. Read , K. Reygers , V. Riabov , Y. Riabov , E. Richardson , D. Roach , G. Roche , S. D. Rolnick , M. Rosati , C. A. Rosen , S. S. E. Rosendahl , P. Rosnet , P. Rukoyatkin , P. Ružička , B. Sahlmueller , N. Saito , T. Sakaguchi , K. Sakashita , V. Samsonov , S. Sano , T. Sato , S. Sawada , K. Sedgwick , J. Seele , R. Seidl , A. Yu. Semenov , R. Seto , D. Sharma , I. Shein , T. -A. Shibata , K. Shigaki , M. Shimomura , K. Shoji , P. Shukla , A. Sickles , C. L. Silva , D. Silvermyr , C. Silvestre , K. S. Sim , B. K. Singh , C. P. Singh , V. Singh , M. Slunečka , R. A. Soltz , W. E. Sondheim , S. P. Sorensen , I. V. Sourikova , N. A. Sparks , P. W. Stankus , E. Stenlund , S. P. Stoll , T. Sugitate , A. Sukhanov , J. Sziklai , E. M. Takagui , A. Taketani , R. Tanabe , Y. Tanaka , K. Tanida , M. J. Tannenbaum , S. Tarafdar , A. Taranenko , P. Tarján , H. Themann , T. L. Thomas , M. Togawa , A. Toia , L. Tomášek , H. Torii , R. S. Towell , I. Tserruya , Y. Tsuchimoto , C. Vale , H. Valle , H. W. van Hecke , E. Vazquez-Zambrano , A. Veicht , J. Velkovska , R. Vértesi , A. A. Vinogradov , M. Virius , V. Vrba , E. Vznuzdaev , X. R. Wang , D. Watanabe , K. Watanabe , Y. Watanabe , F. Wei , R. Wei , J. Wessels , S. N. White , D. Winter , J. P. Wood , C. L. Woody , R. M. Wright , M. Wysocki , W. Xie , Y. L. Yamaguchi , K. Yamaura , R. Yang , A. Yanovich , J. Ying , S. Yokkaichi , Z. You , G. R. Young , I. Younus , I. E. Yushmanov , W. A. Zajc , C. Zhang , S. Zhou , L. Zolin

Recent Bayesian analyses of heavy ion collision data have established a non-trivial temperature dependence of the shear and bulk viscosity per entropy. Motivated by this, we consider higher derivative corrections to realistic, bottom-up…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Thomas Apostolidis , Umut Gürsoy , Edwan Préau

We argue, using the AdS/CFT correspondence, that the transient dynamics of the shear stress tensor in a strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM plasma is not described by relaxation-type, fluid dynamical equations: at long times the equations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-02-06 Jorge Noronha , Gabriel S. Denicol