Related papers: The Number Behind the Simplest SIC-POVM
This work rests upon the certainty that only fields of real and complex numbers, quaternions and octonions have algebras of all four arithmetical operations. Also quaternions are good to represent 3-dimensional Euclid space and…
Let $C$ be an irreducible algebraic curve defined over a number field and inside an algebraic torus of dimension at least 3. We partially answer a question posed by Levin on points on $C$ for which a non-trivial power lies again on $C$. Our…
We apply the generalised concept of witness operators to arbitrary convex sets, and review the criteria for the optimisation of these general witnesses. We then define an embedding of state vectors and operators into a higher-dimensional…
We define rational numbers counting holomorphic disks bounding a complex lagrangian submanifold on a hyperkhaler manifold of real dimension four. We provide a simple a direct proof of Kontsevich-Soibelman Wall Crossing Formula for these…
We show that Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, the problem of deciding if a system of multivariate polynomial equations has a solution in the algebraic closure of the underlying field, lies in the counting hierarchy. More generally, we show that…
The fundamental axioms of the quantum theory do not explicitly identify the algebraic structure of the linear space for which orthogonal subspaces correspond to the propositions (equivalence classes of physical questions). The projective…
In this article, we study the multiparameter second quantum Weyl algebra at roots of unity. In this setting, the algebra is a polynomial identity (PI) algebra, and the dimension of its simple modules is bounded above by its PI degree. We…
We initiate a systematic study of the computational complexity of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) over finite structures that may contain both relations and operations. We show the close connection between this problem and a…
We introduce the concept of injective category number $\text{IC}(f)$ for a continuous map $f\colon X\to~Y$, and present fundamental results concerning this numerical invariant. The value $\text{IC}(f)$ quantifies the \aspas{complexity} or…
We consider representing of natural numbers by arithmetical expressions using ones, addition, multiplication and parentheses. The (integer) complexity of n -- denoted by ||n|| -- is defined as the number of ones in the shortest expressions…
We show that if a big set of integer points in [0,N]^d, d>1, occupies few residue classes mod p for many primes p, then it must essentially lie in the solution set of some polynomial equation of low degree. This answers a question of…
Consider the smooth projective models C of curves y^2=f(x) with f(x) in Z[x] monic and separable of degree 2g+1. We prove that for g >= 3, a positive fraction of these have only one rational point, the point at infinity. We prove a lower…
In this note one tries to venture into a study of some notions, in the context of a (unital) normed algebra, in particular the algebra of operators on a Hilbert space. Namely, one considers ``moving norms'', i.e.\ norming an element minus a…
The Symmetric Informationally Complete Positive Operator-Valued Measures (SIC-POVMs) are known to exist in all dimensions $\leq 151$ and few higher dimensions as high as $1155$. All known solutions with the exception of the Hoggar solutions…
Complex numbers appear in the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics, but not in the formulation in phase space. Quantum symmetries are described by complex, unitary or antiunitary operators defining ray representations in Hilbert…
The concept of pure spinor is generalized, giving rise to the notion of pure subspaces, spinorial subspaces associated to isotropic vector subspaces of non-maximal dimension. Several algebraic identities concerning the pure subspaces are…
On basis of an algebraic analysis of symmetry breaking in general and the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of elementary particles we generalize the concept of symmetry breaking to systems with non-compact groups but not necessarily…
Often some interesting or simply curious points are left out when developing a theory. It seems that one of them is the existence of an upper bound for the fraction of area of a convex and closed plane area lying outside a circle with which…
In this paper, we consider a question of sum-keeping about a multiplicative subsemigroup and its generator subsets in a semiring, and develop some elementary (collapse) process of the sum-keeping retraction through subsets until one minimal…
A compact semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ induces a Poisson structure $\pi$ on the unit sphere $S$ in $\mathfrak{g}^*$. We compute the moduli space of Poisson structures on $S$ around $\pi$. This is the first explicit computation of a…