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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in ranking systems such as information retrieval (IR) systems and recommender systems (RSs). To alleviate the latency of auto-regressive decoding, some studies explore the single (first)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yingpeng Du , Tianjun Wei , Zhu Sun , Jie Zhang

Decoding methods for large language models often trade-off between diversity of outputs and parallelism of computation. Methods such as beam search and Gumbel top-k sampling can guarantee a different output for each element of the beam, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Luke Vilnis , Yury Zemlyanskiy , Patrick Murray , Alexandre Passos , Sumit Sanghai

Deep-learning models for language generation tasks tend to produce repetitive output. Various methods have been proposed to encourage lexical diversity during decoding, but this often comes at a cost to the perceived fluency and adequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Giulio Zhou , Gerasimos Lampouras

Reinforcement learning (RL) with sparse and deceptive rewards is challenging because non-zero rewards are rarely obtained. Hence, the gradient calculated by the agent can be stochastic and without valid information. Recent studies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang , Jianxiang Liu

Neural text generation is a key tool in natural language applications, but it is well known there are major problems at its core. In particular, standard likelihood training and decoding leads to dull and repetitive outputs. While some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Sean Welleck , Ilia Kulikov , Stephen Roller , Emily Dinan , Kyunghyun Cho , Jason Weston

In this paper, we investigate the diversity aspect of paraphrase generation. Prior deep learning models employ either decoding methods or add random input noise for varying outputs. We propose a simple method Diverse Paraphrase Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Qiongkai Xu , Juyan Zhang , Lizhen Qu , Lexing Xie , Richard Nock

Sequence-to-sequence neural translation models learn semantic and syntactic relations between sentence pairs by optimizing the likelihood of the target given the source, i.e., $p(y|x)$, an objective that ignores other potentially useful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Jiwei Li , Dan Jurafsky

We propose Composition Sampling, a simple but effective method to generate diverse outputs for conditional generation of higher quality compared to previous stochastic decoding strategies. It builds on recently proposed plan-based neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Shashi Narayan , Gonçalo Simões , Yao Zhao , Joshua Maynez , Dipanjan Das , Michael Collins , Mirella Lapata

Dialogue generation models face the challenge of producing generic and repetitive responses. Unlike previous augmentation methods that mostly focus on token manipulation and ignore the essential variety within a single sample using hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Yu Cao , Liang Ding , Zhiliang Tian , Meng Fang

Text generation is of great importance to many natural language processing applications. However, maximization-based decoding methods (e.g. beam search) of neural language models often lead to degenerate solutions -- the generated text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yixuan Su , Tian Lan , Yan Wang , Dani Yogatama , Lingpeng Kong , Nigel Collier

Diverse machine translation aims at generating various target language translations for a given source language sentence. Leveraging the linear relationship in the sentence latent space introduced by the mixup training, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Jicheng Li , Pengzhi Gao , Xuanfu Wu , Yang Feng , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Generating paraphrases, that is, different variations of a sentence conveying the same meaning, is an important yet challenging task in NLP. Automatically generating paraphrases has its utility in many NLP tasks like question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Milan Aggarwal , Nupur Kumari , Ayush Bansal , Balaji Krishnamurthy

In sequence-to-sequence learning, e.g., natural language generation, the decoder relies on the attention mechanism to efficiently extract information from the encoder. While it is common practice to draw information from only the last…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Fenglin Liu , Xuancheng Ren , Guangxiang Zhao , Chenyu You , Xuewei Ma , Xian Wu , Xu Sun

Large language models pick up social biases from the data they are trained on and carry those biases into downstream applications, often reinforcing stereotypes around gender, race, religion, disability, age, and socioeconomic status. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

Speculative decoding, which combines a draft model with a target model, has emerged as an effective approach to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference. However, existing methods often face a trade-off between the acceptance rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Danying Ge , Jianhua Gao , Qizhi Jiang , Yifei Feng , Weixing Ji

Pre-trained language models have been successful in natural language generation (NLG) tasks. While various decoding methods have been employed, they often produce suboptimal results. We first present an empirical analysis of three NLG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Dongfu Jiang , Bill Yuchen Lin , Xiang Ren

Standard Recurrent Neural Network Transducers (RNN-T) decoding algorithms for speech recognition are iterating over the time axis, such that one time step is decoded before moving on to the next time step. Those algorithms result in a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Gil Keren

Conventional research on large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on refining output distributions, while paying less attention to the decoding process that transforms these distributions into final responses. Recent advances,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chenheng Zhang , Tianqi Du , Jizhe Zhang , Mingqing Xiao , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Diverse decoding of large language models is crucial for applications requiring multiple semantically distinct responses, yet existing methods primarily achieve lexical rather than semantic diversity. This limitation significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Weijie Shi , Yue Cui , Yaguang Wu , Jingzhi Fang , Shibo Zhang , Mengze Li , Sirui Han , Jia Zhu , Jiajie Xu , Xiaofang Zhou

Sequence-to-sequence neural networks have been widely used in language-based applications as they have flexible capabilities to learn various language models. However, when seeking for the optimal language response through trained neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Pierre Colombo , Chouchang Yang , Giovanna Varni , Chloé Clavel