Related papers: Theoretical photon origin, a didactic introduction…

We show single photon and electron interferences can be calculated without quantum-superposition states by using tensor form (covariant quantization). From the analysis results, the scalar potential which correspond to an indefinite metric…

We argue that certain assumptions about the process of the emission of the quanta by their (oscillating) emitter provide for their changing (oscillatory) flux at any location. This mechanism underlying (such) wave phenomena is not based,…

The purpose of this paper is to derive the photon spin and to deduce its properties from a pair of quantum equations for the photon. To this end, Darwin's equations are reinterpreted so as to meet the need of the quantum mechanics of the…

The talk consists of three parts. ``History'' briefly describes the emergence and evolution of the concept of photon during the first two decades of the 20th century. ``Mass'' gives a short review of the literature on the upper limit of the…

In this work, a constant and uniform magnetic field is less than the Schwinger critical value. In turn, an additional constant and uniform electric field is taken much smaller than the magnetic field value. The propagation of a photon in…

The proposition that photon is a topological object (J. Math. Phys. 49, 032303, 2008) is given rigorous foundation based on pure vector field theory independent of the electromagnetic fields. Holomorphy of 4-dimensional space-time and the…

Quantum foundations are still unsettled, with mixed effects on science and society. By now it should be possible to obtain consensus on at least one issue: Are the fundamental constituents fields or particles? As this paper shows,…

Quantum coherence stemming from the superposition behaviour of a particle beyond the classical realm, serves as one of the most fundamental features in quantum mechanics. The wave-particle duality phenomenon, which shares the same origin,…

We study the energy conversion laws of the macroscopic harmonic $LC $ oscillator, the electromagnetic wave (photon) and the hydrogen atom. As our analysis indicates that the energies of these apparently different systems obey exactly the…

I conjecture that only those states of light whose Wigner function is positive are real states, and give arguments suggesting that this is not a serious restriction. Hence it follows that the Wigner formalism in quantum optics is capable of…

We experimentally observe that quantum duality of a single photon is controlled by its self-entanglement through a three-way quantum coherence identity $V^2+D^2+C^2=1$. Here V, D, C represent waveness, particleness, and self-entanglement…

Einstein-Maxwell theory implies the mixing of photons with gravitons in an external electromagnetic field. This process and its possible observable consequences have been studied at tree level for many years. We use the worldline formalism…

The foundational ideas of quantum mechanics continue to give rise to counterintuitive theories and physical effects that are in conflict with a classical description of Nature. Experiments with light at the single photon level have…

A relativistically invariant expression for the number of photons in free classical electromagnetic field through the currents, that created the field, is derived based on the formula for the total energy--momentum of the field. It is…

Regardless of the unspecific notions of photons as light complexes, radiation bundles or wave packets, the radiation from a single state transition is at most a single continuous wave train that starts and ends with the transition. The…

We present a theory of light scattering consistent with modern physics. We proposed a spatial-temporal model of a photon based on classical model of atomic oscillator. Using this photon model, we established a criterion for single vs…

Wave-particle duality epitomizes the counterintuitive character of quantum physics. A striking illustration is the quantum delay-choice experiment, which is based on Wheeler's classic delayed-choice gedanken experiment, but with the…

Quantum electrodynamics is the well-accepted theory. However, we feel it is useful to look at formalisms that provide alternative ways to describe light, because in the recent years the development of quantum field theories based primarily…

The concept of photon is not necessary only applied to the relativistic Doppler theory. It may also work well for classical theory. As conservation of momentum and energy are physical laws, if applying these laws gives the exact…

We show that the vacuum permeability and permittivity may originate from the magnetization and the polarization of continuously appearing and disappearing fermion pairs. We then show that if we simply model the propagation of the photon in…