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Related papers: Soft Photon and Graviton Theorems in Effective Fie…

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We show that the soft photon, gluon and graviton theorems can be understood as the Ward-Takahashi identities of large gauge transformation, i.e., diffeomorphism that does not fall off at spatial infinity. We found infinitely many new…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Yuta Hamada , Gary Shiu

We consider soft graviton scattering for a theory where Einstein's gravity is minimally coupled to a scalar field in the presence of a cosmological constant, i.e. in a background de Sitter space. Employing a perturbative expansion in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Divyesh N. Solanki , Pratik Chattopadhyay , Srijit Bhattacharjee

We study soft theorems in a broader context, addressing their fate at loop level and their universality in effective field theories and string theory. We argue that for gauge theories in the planar limit, loop-level soft gluon theorems can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 Massimo Bianchi , Song He , Yu-tin Huang , Congkao Wen

We compute leading soft theorem for multiple gravitinos (and graviton) in an arbitrary theory of supergravity with an arbitrary number of finite energy particles with arbitrary mass and arbitrary spin by extending Sen's approach…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-26 Diksha Jain , Arnab Rudra

We study the behavior of the tree-level S-matrix of a variety of theories as two particles become soft. By analogy with the recently found subleading soft theorems for gravitons and gluons, we explore subleading terms in double soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-07 Freddy Cachazo , Song He , Ellis Ye Yuan

In [1,2] it was shown that the subleading soft photon theorem in tree level amplitudes in massless QED is equivalent to a new class of symmetries of the theory parameterized by a vector field on the celestial sphere. In this paper, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-04 Alok Laddha , Prahar Mitra

Soft factorization has been shown to hold to sub-leading order in QED and to sub-sub-leading order in perturbative quantum gravity, with various loop and non-universal corrections that can be found. Here we show that all terms factorizing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-06 Colby DeLisle , Jordan Wilson-Gerow , Philip Stamp

We use insights from superstring field theory to prove the subleading soft graviton theorem for tree amplitudes of (compactified) heterotic and type II string theories for arbitrary number of finite energy NS (NSNS) sector external states…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-25 Ashoke Sen

Soft theorems describe the behavior of scattering amplitudes when one or several external particles are taken to be energetically soft. In tree-level gravity there are universal soft theorems for the three leading orders in the soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-24 Eivind Jørstad , Sruthi A. Narayanan

Lysov, Pasterski and Strominger have shown how Low's subleading soft photon theorem can be understood as Ward identities of new symmetries of massless QED. In this paper we offer a different perspective and show that there exists a class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha

We consider the tree-level scattering amplitudes in the NS-NS (Neveu-Schwarz) massless sector of closed superstrings in the case where one external state becomes soft. We compute the amplitudes generically for any number of dimensions and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Paolo Di Vecchia , Raffaele Marotta , Matin Mojaza

We study the effect of electromagnetic interactions on the classical soft theorems on an asymptotically AdS background in 4 spacetime dimensions, in the limit of a small cosmological constant or equivalently a large AdS radius $l$. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-15 Nabamita Banerjee , Karan Fernandes , Arpita Mitra

The single-soft-graviton limit of any quantum gravity scattering amplitude is given at leading order by the universal Weinberg pole formula. Gauge invariance of the formula follows from global energy-momentum conservation. In this paper…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-06-11 Freddy Cachazo , Andrew Strominger

The soft photon theorem, in its standard form, requires corrections when the asymptotic particle states carry magnetic charges. These corrections are deduced using electromagnetic duality and the resulting soft formula conjectured to be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Andrew Strominger

We construct "soft-collinear gravity", the effective field theory which describes the interaction of collinear and soft gravitons with matter (and themselves), to all orders in the soft-collinear power expansion. Despite the absence of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-04-14 Martin Beneke , Patrick Hager , Robert Szafron

Asymptotic symmetries of theories with gravity in d=2m+2 spacetime dimensions are reconsidered for m>1 in light of recent results concerning d=4 BMS symmetries. Weinberg's soft graviton theorem in 2m+2 dimensions is re-expressed as a Ward…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-30 Daniel Kapec , Vyacheslav Lysov , Sabrina Pasterski , Andrew Strominger

If a set of charged objects collide in space and the fragments disperse, then this process will emit electromagnetic waves. Classical soft photon theorem determines the constant term and the leading power law fall-off of the wave-form at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-14 Debanjan Karan , Babli Khatun , Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen

In this article we use the sub$^n$-soft graviton theorems to construct the map $\Top$ from the spin-graded set of holomorphic functions on local celestial sphere patches to differential operators acting on the asymptotic data for massless…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-11 Mathias Charbonnier , Javier Peraza

We study the soft behavior of two seemingly different particles that are both referred to as dilatons in the literature, namely the one that appears in theories of gravity and in string theory and the Nambu-Goldstone boson of spontaneously…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-22 Paolo Di Vecchia , Raffaele Marotta , Matin Mojaza , Josh Nohle

In theories of Einstein gravity coupled with a dilaton and a two-form, a soft theorem for the two-form, known as the Kalb-Ramond B-field, has so far been missing. In this work we fill the gap, and in turn formulate a unified soft theorem…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-25 Paolo Di Vecchia , Raffaele Marotta , Matin Mojaza