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Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is the act of embedding proximity information about a set of $n$ objects in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. As originally conceived by the psychometric community, MDS was concerned with embedding a fixed set…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Michael W. Trosset , Carey E. Priebe

Metric Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a classical method for generating meaningful (non-linear) low-dimensional embeddings of high-dimensional data. MDS has a long history in the statistics, machine learning, and graph drawing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Erik Demaine , Adam Hesterberg , Frederic Koehler , Jayson Lynch , John Urschel

Manifolds discovered by machine learning models provide a compact representation of the underlying data. Geodesics on these manifolds define locally length-minimising curves and provide a notion of distance, which are key for reduced-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Daniel Kelshaw , Luca Magri

Dimensionality reduction is a fundamental task that aims to simplify complex data by reducing its feature dimensionality while preserving essential patterns, with core applications in data analysis and visualisation. To preserve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Thomas Dagès , Simon Weber , Ya-Wei Eileen Lin , Ronen Talmon , Daniel Cremers , Michael Lindenbaum , Alfred M. Bruckstein , Ron Kimmel

Classical metric and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) variants are widely known manifold learning (ML) methods which enable construction of low dimensional representation (projections) of high dimensional data inputs. However,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-06-16 Denis Horvath , Jozef Ulicny , Branislav Brutovsky

We introduce Non-Euclidean-MDS (Neuc-MDS), an extension of classical Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) that accommodates non-Euclidean and non-metric inputs. The main idea is to generalize the standard inner product to symmetric bilinear forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chengyuan Deng , Jie Gao , Kevin Lu , Feng Luo , Hongbin Sun , Cheng Xin

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a dimensionality reduction technique for microbial ecology data analysis that represents the multivariate structure while preserving pairwise distances between samples. While its improvement has enhanced…

Given a matrix $D$ describing the pairwise dissimilarities of a data set, a common task is to embed the data points into Euclidean space. The classical multidimensional scaling (cMDS) algorithm is a widespread method to do this. However,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Rishi Sonthalia , Gregory Van Buskirk , Benjamin Raichel , Anna C. Gilbert

Leveraging the intrinsic symmetries in data for clear and efficient analysis is an important theme in signal processing and other data-driven sciences. A basic example of this is the ubiquity of the discrete Fourier transform which arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Mark Blumstein , Henry Kvinge

We have designed a new efficient dimensionality reduction algorithm in order to investigate new ways of accurately characterizing the biodiversity, namely from a geometric point of view, scaling with large environmental sets produced by NGS…

Most Machine Learning (ML) methods, from clustering to classification, rely on a distance function to describe relationships between datapoints. For complex datasets it is hard to avoid making some arbitrary choices when defining a distance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-04 Gina Gruenhage , Manfred Opper , Simon Barthelme

For a given metric measure space $(X,d,\mu)$ we consider finite samples of points, calculate the matrix of distances between them and then reconstruct the points in some finite-dimensional space using the multidimensional scaling (MDS)…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Alexey Kroshnin , Eugene Stepanov , Dario Trevisan

Metric embeddings are a widely used method in algorithm design, where generally a ``complex'' metric is embedded into a simpler, lower-dimensional one. Historically, the theoretical computer science community has focused on bi-Lipschitz…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ainesh Bakshi , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Samuel B. Hopkins , Rajesh Jayaram , Silvio Lattanzi

The Gini Multidimensional Scaling (Gini MDS) framework extends the Euclidean multidimensional scaling. We introduce a Gini pseudo-distance based on values and their ranks that depends on a fine-tunable hyperparameter. This pseudo-distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Cassandra Mussard , Stéphane Mussard

In this paper, we develop a novel method for fast geodesic distance queries. The key idea is to embed the mesh into a high-dimensional space, such that the Euclidean distance in the high-dimensional space can induce the geodesic distance in…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Qianwei Xia , Juyong Zhang , Zheng Fang , Jin Li , Mingyue Zhang , Bailin Deng , Ying He

Progressive dimensionality reduction algorithms allow for visually investigating intermediate results, especially for large data sets. While different algorithms exist that progressively increase the number of data points, we propose an…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Marina Evers , David Hägele , Sören Döring , Daniel Weiskopf

Classical multidimensional scaling is an important dimension reduction technique. Yet few theoretical results characterizing its statistical performance exist. This paper provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the quality of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-09 Anna Little , Yuying Xie , Qiang Sun

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is one of the first fundamental manifold learning methods. It can be categorized into several methods, i.e., classical MDS, kernel classical MDS, metric MDS, and non-metric MDS. Sammon mapping and Isomap can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-18 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Bayesian multidimensional scaling (BMDS) is a probabilistic dimension reduction tool that allows one to model and visualize data consisting of dissimilarities between pairs of objects. Although BMDS has proven useful within, e.g., Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-23 Ami Sheth , Aaron Smith , Andrew J. Holbrook

Dimensionality reduction techniques map values from a high dimensional space to one with a lower dimension. The result is a space which requires less physical memory and has a faster distance calculation. These techniques are widely used…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Richard Connor , Lucia Vadicamo