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We say that a circuit $C$ over a field $F$ functionally computes an $n$-variate polynomial $P$ if for every $x \in \{0,1\}^n$ we have that $C(x) = P(x)$. This is in contrast to syntactically computing $P$, when $C \equiv P$ as formal…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Michael A. Forbes , Mrinal Kumar , Ramprasad Saptharishi

The Non-Identity Check problem asks whether a given a quantum circuit is far away from the identity or not. It is well known that this problem is QMA-Complete \cite{JWB05}. In this note, it is shown that the Non-Identity Check problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-01 Zhengfeng Ji , Xiaodi Wu

We study the identity testing problem in the context of spin systems or undirected graphical models, where it takes the following form: given the parameter specification of the model $M$ and a sampling oracle for the distribution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Ivona Bezakova , Antonio Blanca , Zongchen Chen , Daniel Štefankovič , Eric Vigoda

We introduce symmetric arithmetic circuits, i.e. arithmetic circuits with a natural symmetry restriction. In the context of circuits computing polynomials defined on a matrix of variables, such as the determinant or the permanent, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Anuj Dawar , Gregory Wilsenach

Satisfiability of Boolean circuits is among the most known and important problems in theoretical computer science. This problem is NP-complete in general but becomes polynomial time when restricted either to monotone gates or linear gates.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Paweł M. Idziak , Jacek Krzaczkowski

A Pfaffian circuit is a tensor contraction network where the edges are labeled with changes of bases in such a way that a very specific set of combinatorial properties are satisfied. By modeling the permissible changes of bases as systems…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2013-11-19 S. Margulies , J. Morton

Motivated by the fundamental lower bounds questions in proof complexity, we initiate the study of matrix identities as hard instances for strong proof systems. A matrix identity of $d \times d$ matrices over a field $\mathbb{F}$, is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Fu Li , Iddo Tzameret

We present a single, common tool to strictly subsume all known cases of polynomial time blackbox polynomial identity testing (PIT) that have been hitherto solved using diverse tools and techniques. In particular, we show that polynomial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-03 Manindra Agrawal , Chandan Saha , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Nitin Saxena

We study the Radical Identity Testing problem (RIT): Given an algebraic circuit representing a polynomial $f\in \mathbb{Z}[x_1, \ldots, x_k]$ and nonnegative integers $a_1, \ldots, a_k$ and $d_1, \ldots,$ $d_k$, written in binary, test…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Nikhil Balaji , Klara Nosan , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell

The Ideal Proof System (IPS) of Grochow & Pitassi (FOCS 2014, J. ACM, 2018) is an algebraic proof system that uses algebraic circuits to refute the solvability of unsatisfiable systems of polynomial equations. One potential drawback of IPS…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Joshua A. Grochow

We develop efficient randomized algorithms to solve the black-box reconstruction problem for polynomials over finite fields, computable by depth three arithmetic circuits with alternating addition/multiplication gates, such that output gate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Gaurav Sinha

We prove super-polynomial lower bounds for low-depth arithmetic circuits using the shifted partials measure [Gupta-Kamath-Kayal-Saptharishi, CCC 2013], [Kayal, ECCC 2012] and the affine projections of partials measure [Garg-Kayal-Saha, FOCS…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Prashanth Amireddy , Ankit Garg , Neeraj Kayal , Chandan Saha , Bhargav Thankey

In this paper, we initiate the study of deterministic PIT for $\Sigma^{[k]}\Pi\Sigma\Pi^{[\delta]}$ circuits over fields of any characteristic, where $k$ and $\delta$ are bounded. Our main result is a deterministic polynomial-time black-box…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Zeyu Guo , Siki Wang

In this paper we study the complexity of factorization of polynomials in the free noncommutative ring $\mathbb{F}\langle x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n\rangle$ of polynomials over the field $\mathbb{F}$ and noncommuting variables $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-01-06 V. Arvind , Pushkar S Joglekar , Gaurav Rattan

The circuit evaluation problem (also known as the compressed word problem) for finitely generated linear groups is studied. The best upper bound for this problem is $\mathsf{coRP}$, which is shown by a reduction to polynomial identity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-02-13 Daniel König , Markus Lohrey

One approach to make progress on the symbolic determinant identity testing (SDIT) problem is to study the structure of singular matrix spaces. After settling the non-commutative rank problem (Garg-Gurvits-Oliveira-Wigderson, Found. Comput.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Gábor Ivanyos , Tushant Mittal , Youming Qiao

In this paper we study the computational complexity of computing the noncommutative determinant. We first consider the arithmetic circuit complexity of computing the noncommutative determinant polynomial. Then, more generally, we also…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-10-26 V. Arvind , Srikanth Srinivasan

A {+,x}-circuit counts a given multivariate polynomial f, if its values on 0-1 inputs are the same as those of f; on other inputs the circuit may output arbitrary values. Such a circuit counts the number of monomials of f evaluated to 1 by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Stasys Jukna

In this paper, we study the structure of set-multilinear arithmetic circuits and set-multilinear branching programs with the aim of showing lower bound results. We define some natural restrictions of these models for which we are able to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-11-10 V. Arvind , S. Raja

We show that the GCD of two univariate polynomials can be computed by (piece-wise) algebraic circuits of constant depth and polynomial size over any sufficiently large field, regardless of the characteristic. This extends a recent result of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Shanthanu Rai , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf