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A quadrisecant line is one which intersects a curve in at least four points, while an essential secant captures something about the knottedness of a knot. This survey article gives a brief history of these ideas, and shows how they may be…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-08-10 Elizabeth Denne

For sufficiently large $n$, we show that in every configuration of $n$ points chosen inside the unit square there exists a triangle of area less than $n^{-8/7-1/2000}$. This improves upon a result of Koml\'os, Pintz and Szemer\'edi from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Alex Cohen , Cosmin Pohoata , Dmitrii Zakharov

We consider the problem of optimizing the product of the distances from a given point in a triangle to each vertex. There are two possible cases in general. For isosceles triangles, we explicitly show exactly when both cases occur.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Tommy Murphy , Kevin Tran

We prove here that when all planes transverse and nearly perpendicular to the axis of a surface of revolution intersect it in loops having central symmetry, the surface must be quadric. It follows that the quadrics are the only surfaces of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-06-06 Bruce Solomon

A Heron triangle is a triangle whose side lengths and area are all positive integers. If the greatest common divisor of the three side lengths is $1$, it is called a primitive Heron triangle. In this paper, we give an equivalent condition…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Yangcheng Li

A graph embedded in a surface with all faces of size 4 is known as a quadrangulation. We extend the definition of quadrangulation to higher dimensions, and prove that any graph G which embeds as a quadrangulation in the real projective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-07 Tomáš Kaiser , Matěj Stehlík

Translated from the Latin original, "Observationes circa bina biquadrata quorum summam in duo alia biquadrata resolvere liceat" (1772). E428 in the Enestroem index. This paper is about finding A,B,C,D such that $A^4+B^4=C^4+D^4$. In sect.…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-08-10 Leonhard Euler , Jordan Bell

We present a criterion when six points chosen on the sides of a triangle belong to the same conic. Using this tool we show how the two geometrical gems - celebrated Poncelet's theorem of projective geometry and incredible Morley's theorem…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-10-20 Kostiantyn Drach

An elementary geometric construction known as Napoleon's theorem produces an equilateral triangle built on the sides of any initial triangle: the centroids of each equilateral triangle meeting the original sides, all outward or all inward,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-25 Omur Arslan , Daniel E. Koditschek

It is well known that the area $U$ of the triangle formed by three tangents to a parabola $X$ is half of the area $T$ of the triangle formed by joining their points of contact. In this article, we study some properties of $U$ and $T$ for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-21 Dong-Soo Kim , Kyu-Chul Shim

Let n points be placed on a closed convex domain on the plane, no three points on a straight line. A conjecture by H. A. Heilbronn (before 1950) stated that on the convex domain of unit area the smallest triangle defined by these points has…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Gabor Ellmann

An equilateral triangle cannot be dissected into finitely many mutually incongruent equilateral triangles [Tutte 1948]. Therefore Tuza [Tuza 1991] asked for the largest number $s=s(n)$ such that there is a tiling of an equilateral triangle…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Christian Richter

A family of lines through the origin in Euclidean space is called equiangular if any pair of lines defines the same angle. The problem of estimating the maximum cardinality of such a family in $\mathbb{R}^n$ was extensively studied for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Igor Balla , Felix Dräxler , Peter Keevash , Benny Sudakov

Working over a field of characteristic other than $2$, we examine a relationship between quadrilaterals and the pencil of conics passing through their vertices. Asymptotically, such a pencil of conics is what we call a bisector field, a set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Bruce Olberding , Elaine A. Walker

We study the spatial isosceles three body problem, which is a system with two degrees of freedom after modulo the rotation symmetry. For certain choices of energy and angular momentum, we find some disk-like global surfaces of section with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Xijun Hu , Lei Liu , Yuwei Ou , Guowei Yu

We study Saccheri`s three hypotheses on a two right-angled isosceles quadrilateral, with a rectilinear summit side. We claim that in the Hilbert`s foundation of geometry the euclidean parallelism is a theorem, and in the h-plane the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Prodromos Filippidis

A trisection of a smooth, closed, oriented 4-manifold is a decomposition into three 4-dimensional 1-handlebodies meeting pairwise in 3-dimensional 1-handlebodies, with triple intersection a closed surface. The fundamental groups of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Aaron Abrams , David T. Gay , Robion Kirby

In one of the three 2010/2011 issues of the journal 'MathematicalSpectrum', this author gave a three-parameter description of the entire set of integral triangles(i.e. triangles with integer side lengths)and with a 120 degree angle.This…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-03-13 Konstantine Zelator

How many edges can a quadrilateral-free subgraph of a hypercube have? This question was raised by Paul Erd\H{o}s about $27$ years ago. His conjecture that such a subgraph asymptotically has at most half the edges of a hypercube is still…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin

Meyerson's Theorem says that all but at most 2 points of any Jordan loop are vertices of inscribed equilateral triangles. We show that for any Jordan loop there are uncountable many other triangle shapes for which this same result is true.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-01-14 Richard Evan Schwartz