Related papers: On the effects of ion-neutral interactions in sola…
The temperature and density conditions in the magnetized photosphere and chromosphere of the Sun lead to a very small degree of atomic ionization. In addition, at particular height, the magnetic field may be strong enough to give rise to a…
The solar photosphere is a partially ionized medium with collisions between electrons, various metallic ions and neutral hydrogen playing an important role in the momentum and energy transport in the medium. Furthermore, the number of…
Observations of the upper chromosphere shows an enormous amount of intricate fine structure. Much of this comes in the form of linear features which are most often assumed to be well aligned with the direction of the magnetic field in the…
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar atmosphere are often performed under the assumption that the plasma is fully ionized. However, in the lower solar atmosphere a reduced temperature often results in only the partial…
Realistic models of magnetic reconnection in the solar chromosphere must take into account that the plasma is partially ionized and that plasma conditions within any two magnetic flux bundles undergoing reconnection may not be the same.…
The low solar atmosphere is composed of mostly neutral particles, but the importance of the magnetic field for understanding observed dynamics means that interactions between charged and neutral particles play a very important role in…
In this paper, we study the heating of the magnetized solar chromosphere induced by the large fraction of neutral atoms present in this layer. The presence of neutrals, together with the decrease with height of the collisional coupling,…
We investigate the effects of interactions between ions and neutrals on the chromosphere and overlying corona using 2.5D radiative MHD simulations with the Bifrost code. We have extended the code capabilities implementing ion-neutral…
Waves and shocks traveling through the solar chromospheric plasma are influenced by its partial ionization and weak collisional coupling, and may become susceptible to multi-fluid effects, similar to interstellar shock waves. In this study,…
A simple collisional three-component plasma model consisting of electrons, ions, and neutrals with arbitrary collision frequencies and dynamic time scales is considered. It is shown that the usual MHD-approach dealing with magnetic field…
The solar chromosphere is weakly ionized and interactions between ionized particles and neutral particles likely have significant consequences for the thermodynamics of the plasma. We investigate the importance of introducing neutral…
In order to study chromospheric magnetosonic wave propagation including, for the first time, the effects of ion-neutral interactions in the partially ionized solar chromosphere, we have developed a new multi-fluid computational model,…
We review our understanding of ionized plasma and neutral gas coupling in the weakly ionized, stratified, electromagnetically-permeated regions of the Sun's chromosphere and Earth's ionosphere/thermosphere. Using representative models for…
This Chapter outlines the basic properties of waves in solar partially ionized plasmas. It provides a summary of the main sets of equations, from the single-fluid formalism, to the multi-fluid one, giving examples for purely hydrogen, and…
Over the last decades, realistic 3D radiative-MHD simulations have become the dominant theoretical tool for understanding the complex interactions between the plasma and the magnetic field on the Sun. Most of such simulations are based on…
We investigate the importance of ambipolar diffusion and Hall currents for high-resolution comprehensive ('realistic') photospheric simulations. To do so we extended the radiative magnetohydrodynamics code \emph{MURaM} to use the…
The chromosphere is a partially ionized layer of the solar atmosphere, the transition between the photosphere where the gas motion is determined by the gas pressure and the corona dominated by the magnetic field. We study the effect of…
Chromospheric and prominence plasmas contain neutral atoms, which may change the plasma dynamics through collision with ions. Most of the atoms are neutral hydrogen, but a significant amount of neutral helium may also be present in the…
The sun's chromosphere is a highly dynamic, partially-ionized region where spicules (hot jets of plasma) form. Here we present a two-fluid MHD model to study the chromosphere, which includes ion-neutral interaction and frictional heating.…
We investigate non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) effects in the chromosphere on the solar wind by performing MHD simulations for Alfv\'en-wave driven winds with explicitly including Ohmic and ambipolar diffusion. We find that MHD waves…